Centre for Women's Infectious Diseases Research, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Infection & Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Microbiol Spectr. 2022 Feb 23;10(1):e0175721. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.01757-21. Epub 2022 Jan 12.
Mouthwash is a commonly used product and has been proposed as an alternative intervention to prevent gonorrhea transmission. However, the long-term effects of mouthwash on the oral microbiota are largely unknown. We investigated the impact of 12 weeks of daily mouthwash use on the oropharyngeal microbiota in a subset of men who have sex with men who participated in a randomized trial comparing the efficacy of two alcohol-free mouthwashes for the prevention of gonorrhea. We characterized the oropharyngeal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of tonsillar fossae samples collected before and after 12 weeks of daily use of Listerine mouthwash or Biotène dry mouth oral rinse. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) was used to assess differences in oropharyngeal microbiota composition following mouthwash use. Differential abundance testing was performed using ALDEx2, with false-discovery rate correction. A total of 306 samples from 153 men were analyzed (Listerine, = 78 and Biotène, = 75). There was no difference in the overall structure of the oropharyngeal microbiota following Listerine or Biotène use (PERMANOVA = 0.413 and = 0.331, respectively). Although no bacterial taxa were significantly differentially abundant following Listerine use, we observed a small but significant decrease in the abundance of both and following Biotène use. Overall, our findings suggest that daily use of antiseptic mouthwash has minimal long-term effects on the composition of the oropharyngeal microbiota. Given the role of the oral microbiota in human health, it is important to understand if and how external factors influence its composition. Mouthwash use is common in some populations, and the use of antiseptic mouthwash has been proposed as an alternative intervention to prevent gonorrhea transmission. However, the long-term effect of mouthwash use on the oral microbiota composition is largely unknown. We found that daily use of two different commercially available mouthwashes had limited long-term effects on the composition of the oropharyngeal microbiota over a 12-week period. The results from our study and prior studies highlight that different mouthwashes may differentially affect the oral microbiome composition and that further studies are needed to determine if mouthwash use induces short-term changes to the oral microbiota that may have detrimental effects.
漱口水是一种常用的产品，有人提出它可以作为替代干预措施来预防淋病传播。然而，长期使用漱口水对口内微生物群的影响在很大程度上仍是未知的。我们在一项随机试验中，调查了 12 周每天使用漱口水对男男性行为者咽峡部微生物群的影响，该试验比较了两种不含酒精的漱口水在预防淋病方面的效果。我们使用扁桃体隐窝样本的 16S rRNA 基因测序，对在使用李施德林漱口水或 Biotène 口干口腔冲洗液 12 周前后收集的咽峡部微生物群进行了特征描述。使用可置换多元方差分析（PERMANOVA）评估了使用漱口水后咽峡部微生物群组成的差异。使用 ALDEx2 进行差异丰度检验，并进行了错误发现率校正。共分析了 153 名男性的 306 个样本（李施德林组 = 78，Biotène 组 = 75）。使用李施德林或 Biotène 后，咽峡部微生物群的整体结构没有差异（PERMANOVA = 0.413 和 = 0.331）。尽管使用李施德林后没有细菌分类群的丰度有显著差异，但我们观察到使用 Biotène 后 和 的丰度都有小但显著的降低。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，每天使用抗菌漱口水对口咽微生物群的组成几乎没有长期影响。鉴于口腔微生物群在人类健康中的作用，了解外部因素是否以及如何影响其组成是很重要的。在某些人群中，漱口水的使用很常见，有人提出使用抗菌漱口水作为替代干预措施来预防淋病传播。然而，长期使用漱口水对口腔微生物群组成的影响在很大程度上仍是未知的。我们发现，在 12 周的时间内，每天使用两种不同的市售漱口水对口咽微生物群的组成只有有限的长期影响。我们的研究结果和之前的研究结果都强调，不同的漱口水可能会对口腔微生物组的组成产生不同的影响，需要进一步研究来确定使用漱口水是否会引起对口腔微生物群的短期改变，这些改变是否可能有不良影响。
