Tufail Muhammad Aammar, Schmitz Ruth A
Institut für Allgemeine Mikrobiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2025 Apr;17(2):681-704. doi: 10.1007/s12602-024-10370-9. Epub 2024 Oct 8.
Probiotics are pivotal in maintaining or restoring the balance of human intestinal microbiota, a crucial factor in mitigating diseases and preserving the host's health. Exploration into Bacteroides spp. reveals substantial promise in their development as next-generation probiotics due to their profound interaction with host immune cells and capability to regulate the microbiome's metabolism by significantly impacting metabolite production. These beneficial bacteria exhibit potential in ameliorating various health issues such as intestinal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, behavioral disorders, and even cancer. Though it's important to note that a high percentage of them are as well opportunistic pathogens, posing risks under certain conditions. Studies highlight their role in modifying immune responses and improving health conditions by regulating lymphocytes, controlling metabolism, and preventing inflammation and cancer. The safety and efficacy of Bacteroides strains are currently under scrutiny by the European Commission for authorization in food processing, marking a significant step towards their commercialization. The recent advancements in bacterial isolation and sequencing methodologies, coupled with the integration of Metagenome-Assembled Genomes (MAGs) binning from metagenomics data, continue to unveil the potential of Bacteroides spp., aiding in the broader understanding and application of these novel probiotics in health and disease management.
益生菌在维持或恢复人类肠道微生物群平衡方面起着关键作用，而肠道微生物群平衡是减轻疾病和维护宿主健康的关键因素。对拟杆菌属的研究表明，由于它们与宿主免疫细胞的深刻相互作用以及通过显著影响代谢物产生来调节微生物组代谢的能力，它们作为下一代益生菌具有巨大的发展潜力。这些有益细菌在改善各种健康问题方面具有潜力，如肠道疾病、心血管疾病、行为障碍甚至癌症。不过需要注意的是，其中很大一部分也是机会致病菌，在某些条件下会带来风险。研究强调了它们通过调节淋巴细胞、控制代谢以及预防炎症和癌症来改变免疫反应和改善健康状况的作用。拟杆菌菌株的安全性和有效性目前正在接受欧盟委员会的审查，以获得食品加工授权，这标志着它们朝着商业化迈出了重要一步。细菌分离和测序方法的最新进展，以及从宏基因组数据中整合宏基因组组装基因组（MAGs）分箱技术，继续揭示拟杆菌属的潜力，有助于更广泛地理解和应用这些新型益生菌来管理健康和疾病。
