Department of Operations, Information and Decisions, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
Department of Operations, Information and Decisions, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Feb 8;119(6). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2115126119.
Encouraging vaccination is a pressing policy problem. To assess whether text-based reminders can encourage pharmacy vaccination and what kinds of messages work best, we conducted a megastudy. We randomly assigned 689,693 Walmart pharmacy patients to receive one of 22 different text reminders using a variety of different behavioral science principles to nudge flu vaccination or to a business-as-usual control condition that received no messages. We found that the reminder texts that we tested increased pharmacy vaccination rates by an average of 2.0 percentage points, or 6.8%, over a 3-mo follow-up period. The most-effective messages reminded patients that a flu shot was waiting for them and delivered reminders on multiple days. The top-performing intervention included two texts delivered 3 d apart and communicated to patients that a vaccine was "waiting for you." Neither experts nor lay people anticipated that this would be the best-performing treatment, underscoring the value of simultaneously testing many different nudges in a highly powered megastudy.
鼓励接种疫苗是一个紧迫的政策问题。为了评估基于文本的提醒是否可以鼓励药房接种疫苗，以及哪种类型的信息最有效，我们进行了一项大规模研究。我们随机将 689693 名沃尔玛药房患者分配到 22 种不同的文本提醒中的一种，这些提醒使用了各种不同的行为科学原则，以促使流感疫苗接种或常规业务，即不发送任何消息。我们发现，在 3 个月的随访期间，我们测试的提醒文本平均将药房疫苗接种率提高了 2.0 个百分点，即 6.8%。最有效的信息提醒患者有流感疫苗在等着他们，并在多日发送提醒。表现最好的干预措施包括相隔 3 天发送两条信息，并向患者传达疫苗“在等你”。专家和非专业人士都没有预料到这将是表现最好的治疗方法，这凸显了在一项功能强大的大规模研究中同时测试许多不同提示的价值。
