Zhang Shuyi, Xiong Hailin, Yang Jiahui, Yuan Xia
Department of Oncology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China.
Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China.
Front Mol Biosci. 2022 Jan 27;8:792154. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.792154. eCollection 2021.
Immunotherapy can improve survival in a variety of cancers by modulating the interaction between tumors and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). V-set and transmembrane domain containing 2 like () regulates interleukin (IL)-4 signaling pathway-which involves immune-related factors-and has been linked to some cancers. However, the expression profile and prognostic significance of in different cancers as well as its relationship to the TIME are not known. This study investigated the pan-cancer expression profile, prognostic value, and immunologic relevance of . expression in different cancers was analyzed using the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), Human Protein Atlas (HPA), Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) portal. We examined the association between VSTM2L expression and clinical outcomes by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses using TCGA and Kaplan-Meier Plotter, and the results were validated in a Gene Expression Omnibus cohort. The correlations between expression and immune cell infiltration, immunomodulators, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and immune and stromal scores across cancers were analyzed using TCGA, TIMER, and Tumor-Immune System Interactions and Drugbank databases (TISIDB). The results showed that expression varied across cancers and its aberrant expression was associated with clinical outcomes: upregulation of was positively associated with advanced stage and reduced overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), progression-free interval (PFI), and disease-free interval (DFI) in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD); and its upregulation was associated with early-stage disease and improved OS, DSS, PFI, and DFI in kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP). expression level was correlated with immune cell infiltration, expression of immunomodulators, TMB, MSI, and immune and stromal scores in multiple cancers. In conclusion, has prognostic value in various cancers and can predict both poor (STAD) and good (KIRP) outcomes. The relationship between expression and immune markers suggests a role in modulating the TIME.
免疫疗法可通过调节肿瘤与肿瘤免疫微环境（TIME）之间的相互作用来提高多种癌症的生存率。含V结构域和跨膜结构域2样蛋白（VSTM2L）调节白细胞介素（IL）-4信号通路（该通路涉及免疫相关因子），并与某些癌症有关。然而，VSTM2L在不同癌症中的表达谱、预后意义及其与TIME的关系尚不清楚。本研究调查了VSTM2L的泛癌表达谱、预后价值和免疫相关性。使用癌细胞系百科全书（CCLE）、人类蛋白质图谱（HPA）、肿瘤免疫评估资源（TIMER）、癌症基因组图谱（TCGA）和基因型-组织表达（GTEx）数据库分析了VSTM2L在不同癌症中的表达。我们使用TCGA和Kaplan-Meier Plotter通过Kaplan-Meier和Cox回归分析检查了VSTM2L表达与临床结果之间的关联，并在基因表达综合数据库队列中对结果进行了验证。使用TCGA、TIMER以及肿瘤-免疫系统相互作用和药物银行数据库（TISIDB）分析了VSTM2L表达与免疫细胞浸润、免疫调节剂、肿瘤突变负担（TMB）、微卫星不稳定性（MSI）以及多种癌症的免疫和基质评分之间的相关性。结果表明，VSTM2L表达在不同癌症中有所不同，其异常表达与临床结果相关：在胃腺癌（STAD）中，VSTM2L上调与晚期和总生存期（OS）、疾病特异性生存期（DSS）、无进展生存期（PFI）和无病生存期（DFI）降低呈正相关；而在肾肾乳头状细胞癌（KIRP）中，其上调与早期疾病以及改善的OS、DSS、PFI和DFI相关。VSTM2L表达水平与多种癌症中的免疫细胞浸润、免疫调节剂表达、TMB、MSI以及免疫和基质评分相关。总之，VSTM2L在各种癌症中具有预后价值，并且可以预测不良（STAD）和良好（KIRP）的结果。VSTM2L表达与免疫标志物之间的关系表明其在调节TIME中起作用。
