Pollock Jessica G, Gordon Alan W, Huson Kathryn M, McConnell Deborah A
School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Large Park, Hillborough BT26 6DR, UK.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Jan 20;12(3):243. doi: 10.3390/ani12030243.
For ruminants, grazing and ruminating activities are essential in nutrient capture and ultimately animal performance however these activities can demand significant time and energy. This study evaluated the effect of three different pasture allocation frequencies (PAF's; 12, 24 and 36 h) on the feeding behaviour of grazing dairy cows. Eighty-seven spring calving dairy cows were divided into three treatments. Animals were rotationally grazed with fixed paddock sizes of 0.14 ha, 0.28 ha and 0.42 ha paddocks for the 12 h, 24 h and 36 h treatments, respectively. Animals (14 per treatment) were fitted with behaviour halters that monitored feeding activity. Diurnal feeding patterns were evident for all animals irrespective of PAF, concentrating the majority of grazing during daytime (90%) and ruminating activity during night (73%). Treatment significantly affected feeding behavior patterns. Peak grazing activity coincided with fresh pasture allocation in the 12 h and 24 h treatments. In the 36 h treatment, grazing was more evenly distributed over each 24 h period with peak grazing activity witnessed daily between 17:00 and 19:00 regardless of fresh pasture allocation, suggesting lack of anticipation of fresh feed delivery. In the 12 h treatment primiparous animals exhibited greater grazing and ruminating activity relative to multiparous animals in the 12 h treatment highlighting the impact of competition for resources within each feed on lower dominance animals.
对于反刍动物而言,放牧和反刍活动在营养获取以及最终的动物生产性能方面至关重要,然而这些活动会消耗大量的时间和能量。本研究评估了三种不同的牧场分配频率(PAF;12小时、24小时和36小时)对放牧奶牛采食行为的影响。八十七头春季产犊的奶牛被分为三个处理组。分别对12小时、24小时和36小时处理组的动物进行轮牧,固定牧场面积分别为0.14公顷、0.28公顷和0.42公顷。每个处理组的动物(每组14头)佩戴行为颈圈以监测采食活动。所有动物无论PAF如何,昼夜采食模式都很明显,大部分放牧活动集中在白天(90%),反刍活动集中在夜间(73%)。处理显著影响采食行为模式。在12小时和24小时处理组中,采食高峰活动与新鲜牧草分配时间一致。在36小时处理组中,采食在每24小时期间分布更为均匀,无论新鲜牧草分配情况如何,每天17:00至19:00都出现采食高峰活动,这表明缺乏对新鲜饲料供应的预期。在12小时处理组中,初产动物相对于经产动物表现出更大的放牧和反刍活动,这突出了每次采食时资源竞争对低等级动物的影响。