School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
Molecules. 2022 Jan 25;27(3):775. doi: 10.3390/molecules27030775.
var. (red ginger) is widely used in traditional medicine in Asia. Unlike other gingers, it is not used as a spice in cuisines. To date, a total of 169 chemical constituents have been reported from red ginger. The constituents include vanilloids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, flavonoids, amino acids, etc. Red ginger has many therapeutic roles in various diseases, including inflammatory diseases, vomiting, rubella, atherosclerosis, tuberculosis, growth disorders, and cancer. Scientific evidence suggests that red ginger exhibits immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, antihyperuricemic, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. These biological activities are the underlying causes of red ginger's therapeutic benefits. In addition, there have been few reports on adverse side effects of red ginger. This review aims to provide insights in terms the bioactive constituents and their biosynthesis, biological activities, molecular mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of red ginger.
红姜（var. ）在亚洲传统医学中被广泛应用。与其他姜类不同，它并不作为香料用于烹饪。迄今为止，已从红姜中报道了总共 169 种化学成分。这些成分包括香草醛、单萜、倍半萜、二萜、类黄酮、氨基酸等。红姜在各种疾病中具有多种治疗作用，包括炎症性疾病、呕吐、风疹、动脉粥样硬化、结核病、生长障碍和癌症。科学证据表明，红姜具有免疫调节、降压、抗高血脂、抗高尿酸血症、抗菌和细胞毒性活性。这些生物活性是红姜治疗益处的基础。此外，关于红姜的不良反应的报道很少。本综述旨在提供关于红姜的生物活性成分及其生物合成、生物活性、分子机制、药代动力学以及定性和定量分析的见解。
