Ulm University Medical Center, Institute of General Practice, Ulm, Germany.
Ulm University Medical Center, Clinical Chemistry, Ulm, Germany.
Ger Med Sci. 2021 Mar 29;19:Doc04. doi: 10.3205/000291. eCollection 2021.
The ongoing epidemic of lifestyle-dependent diseases in industrialized countries threatens to overtax the health and social systems of these nations. New approaches beyond the usual therapeutic and preventive measures which have been applied so far must be tested. A paradigm shift with regard to nutrition and associated illness is overdue. Time-restricted eating (TRE) offers a low-threshold and easy-to-implement lifestyle change which may have what it takes for broad, population-wide applicability and a widely diversified range of possible effects. In this pilot study, we examine the feasibility and adherence of TRE in healthy adult employees. Pre-post design study with healthy volunteers from the staff of Ulm University and Ulm University Hospital. Participants were asked to reduce their daily eating time to 8-9 hours for three months. Surrounding the eating time, they were allowed drinks other than water for 12 hours, and water for the rest of the day. Anthropometric measurements were taken by trained staff, and blood samples were taken at baseline and follow-up. Pre- and post-data on lifestyle, health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL, recorded with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) of the EuroQol 5-Dimension (EQ-5D)), and attitudes towards TRE were collected in questionnaires. During the course of the study, timing of the first and the last meal, as well as sleep duration and quality, were assessed in diaries. Primary outcome was the percentage of days with achievement of the fasting goal out of the total number of days recorded per participant. Sixty-three participants (aged 47.8±10.5 years, 86% female) were recruited and started the intervention immediately after the baseline assessment. Two persons dropped out while all others finished the study. Ratings of compatibility of TRE with professional activities were good in 78% of participants, neither good nor difficult in 3%, and 18% reported to have encountered some difficulties. On average, the fasting target was reached on 72.2±18.9% of the recorded days. After three months of TRE, participants showed moderate reductions in weight (-1.3±2.3 kg, p≤0.001) and waist circumference (-1.7±3.2 cm, p≤0.001). HRQoL increased significantly by 5.8±12.4 (p=0.008) points between baseline and follow-up. TRE is feasible and well accepted, even in regularly employed persons, and may improve HRQoL. TRE may help to reduce obesity and abdominal obesity in adult working people, thereby preventing lifestyle-dependent diseases; however, volunteers need more guidance to increase effects.
工业化国家中与生活方式相关的疾病不断流行，这对这些国家的医疗保健和社会系统构成了威胁。必须检验超越迄今为止所采用的常规治疗和预防措施的新方法。在营养和相关疾病方面，需要进行范式转变。限时进食（TRE）提供了一种低门槛且易于实施的生活方式改变，它可能具有广泛的、面向大众的适用性和广泛多样化的可能效果。在这项初步研究中，我们研究了健康成年员工中 TRE 的可行性和坚持性。
健康志愿者参与的前后设计研究，志愿者来自乌尔姆大学和乌尔姆大学医院的员工。参与者被要求在三个月内将每天的进食时间减少到 8-9 小时。在进食时间周围，他们可以饮用除水以外的 12 小时饮料，其余时间可以喝水。由经过培训的工作人员进行人体测量学测量，并在基线和随访时采集血样。通过问卷调查收集了生活方式、健康和健康相关生活质量（HRQoL，用 EuroQol 5-Dimension（EQ-5D）的视觉模拟量表（VAS）记录）以及对 TRE 的态度的预-和后数据。在研究过程中，通过日记评估了第一餐和最后一餐的时间以及睡眠持续时间和质量。主要结果是每位参与者记录的总天数中达到禁食目标的天数百分比。
招募了 63 名参与者（年龄 47.8±10.5 岁，86%为女性），他们在基线评估后立即开始干预。有 2 人中途退出，其余所有人都完成了研究。78%的参与者认为 TRE 与专业活动兼容良好，3%的参与者认为既不好也不难，18%的参与者报告说遇到了一些困难。平均而言，在记录的天数中，禁食目标达到了 72.2±18.9%。经过三个月的 TRE，参与者的体重（-1.3±2.3kg，p≤0.001）和腰围（-1.7±3.2cm，p≤0.001）均适度下降。HRQoL 在基线和随访之间显著增加了 5.8±12.4 分（p=0.008）。
TRE 是可行的，并且即使在经常工作的人中也得到了很好的接受，并且可能改善 HRQoL。TRE 可能有助于减少成年工作人群中的肥胖和腹部肥胖，从而预防与生活方式相关的疾病；然而，志愿者需要更多的指导来增加效果。
