Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Biosensors (Basel). 2022 Jan 21;12(2):58. doi: 10.3390/bios12020058.
Many cellular analytical technologies measure only the average response from a cell population with an assumption that a clonal population is homogenous. The ensemble measurement often masks the difference among individual cells that can lead to misinterpretation. The advent of microfluidic technology has revolutionized single-cell analysis through precise manipulation of liquid and compartmentalizing single cells in small volumes (pico- to nano-liter). Due to its advantages from miniaturization, microfluidic systems offer an array of capabilities to study genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics of a large number of individual cells. In this regard, microfluidic systems have emerged as a powerful technology to uncover cellular heterogeneity and expand the depth and breadth of single-cell analysis. This review will focus on recent developments of three microfluidic compartmentalization platforms (microvalve, microwell, and microdroplets) that target single-cell analysis spanning from proteomics to genomics. We also compare and contrast these three microfluidic platforms and discuss their respective advantages and disadvantages in single-cell analysis.
许多细胞分析技术仅测量细胞群体的平均反应，假设克隆群体是同质的。整体测量常常掩盖了个体细胞之间的差异，这可能导致误解。微流控技术的出现通过精确地操控液体和在小体积（皮升到纳升级）中分隔单细胞，彻底改变了单细胞分析。由于其从微型化中获得的优势，微流控系统提供了一系列功能，可用于研究大量单个细胞的基因组学、转录组学和蛋白质组学。在这方面，微流控系统已成为揭示细胞异质性并扩展单细胞分析深度和广度的强大技术。本综述将重点介绍三种针对单细胞分析的微流控分隔平台（微阀、微井和微滴）的最新进展，涵盖了从蛋白质组学到基因组学的范围。我们还比较和对比了这三种微流控平台，并讨论了它们在单细胞分析中的各自优缺点。
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