Magisetty RaviPrakash, Park Sung-Min
Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea.
Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea.
Micromachines (Basel). 2022 Jan 22;13(2):161. doi: 10.3390/mi13020161.
In the name of electroceuticals, bioelectronic devices have transformed and become essential for dealing with all physiological responses. This significant advancement is attributable to its interdisciplinary nature from engineering and sciences and also the progress in micro and nanotechnologies. Undoubtedly, in the future, bioelectronics would lead in such a way that diagnosing and treating patients' diseases is more efficient. In this context, we have reviewed the current advancement of implantable medical electronics (electroceuticals) with their immense potential advantages. Specifically, the article discusses pacemakers, neural stimulation, artificial retinae, and vagus nerve stimulation, their micro/nanoscale features, and material aspects as value addition. Over the past years, most researchers have only focused on the electroceuticals metamorphically transforming from a concept to a device stage to positively impact the therapeutic outcomes. Herein, the article discusses the smart implants' development challenges and opportunities, electromagnetic field effects, and their potential consequences, which will be useful for developing a reliable and qualified smart electroceutical implant for targeted clinical use. Finally, this review article highlights the importance of wirelessly supplying the necessary power and wirelessly triggering functional electronic circuits with ultra-low power consumption and multi-functional advantages such as monitoring and treating the disease in real-time.
以电子药物之名，生物电子设备已经发生了变革，并成为应对所有生理反应的关键。这一重大进展归因于其工程学与科学的跨学科性质以及微纳技术的进步。毫无疑问，在未来，生物电子学将引领潮流，使患者疾病的诊断和治疗更加高效。在此背景下，我们回顾了植入式医疗电子设备（电子药物）的当前进展及其巨大的潜在优势。具体而言，本文讨论了起搏器、神经刺激、人工视网膜和迷走神经刺激，它们的微/纳米尺度特征以及作为附加值的材料方面。在过去几年中，大多数研究人员仅专注于电子药物从概念到设备阶段的蜕变，以对治疗效果产生积极影响。在此，本文讨论了智能植入物的发展挑战与机遇、电磁场效应及其潜在后果，这将有助于开发出用于靶向临床应用的可靠且合格的智能电子药物植入物。最后，这篇综述文章强调了无线供应必要电力以及以超低功耗无线触发功能电子电路并具备实时监测和治疗疾病等多功能优势的重要性。
