Stanton Diana Nicole, Ganguli-Indra Gitali, Indra Arup Kumar, Karande Pankaj
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
Pharmaceutics. 2022 Jan 28;14(2):319. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020319.
Models of skin diseases, such as psoriasis and scleroderma, must accurately recapitulate the complex microenvironment of human skin to provide an efficacious platform for investigation of skin diseases. Skin disease research has been shifting from less complex and less relevant 2D (two-dimensional) models to significantly more relevant 3D (three-dimensional) models. Three-dimensional modeling systems are better able to recapitulate the complex cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions that occur in vivo within skin. Three-dimensional human skin equivalents (HSEs) have emerged as an advantageous tool for the study of skin disease in vitro. These 3D HSEs can be highly complex, containing both epidermal and dermal compartments with integrated adnexal structures. The addition of adnexal structures to 3D HSEs has allowed researchers to gain more insight into the complex pathology of various hereditary and acquired skin diseases. One method of constructing 3D HSEs, 3D bioprinting, has emerged as a versatile and useful tool for generating highly complex HSEs. The development of commercially available 3D bioprinters has allowed researchers to create highly reproducible 3D HSEs with precise integration of multiple adnexal structures. While the field of bioengineered models for study of skin disease has made tremendous progress in the last decade, there are still significant efforts necessary to create truly biomimetic skin disease models. In future studies utilizing 3D HSEs, emphasis must be placed on integrating all adnexal structures relevant to the skin disease under investigation. Thorough investigation of the intricate pathology of skin diseases and the development of effective treatments requires use of highly efficacious models of skin diseases.
诸如牛皮癣和硬皮病等皮肤病模型必须准确重现人类皮肤的复杂微环境，以便为皮肤病研究提供一个有效的平台。皮肤病研究已从不太复杂且相关性较低的二维模型转向显著更具相关性的三维模型。三维建模系统更能重现皮肤内体内发生的复杂细胞 - 细胞和细胞 - 基质相互作用。三维人皮肤等效物（HSEs）已成为体外研究皮肤病的一种有利工具。这些三维HSEs可能高度复杂，包含具有整合附属结构的表皮和真皮部分。在三维HSEs中添加附属结构使研究人员能够更深入地了解各种遗传性和获得性皮肤病的复杂病理学。构建三维HSEs的一种方法，即三维生物打印，已成为生成高度复杂HSEs的一种通用且有用的工具。市售三维生物打印机的发展使研究人员能够创建具有多个附属结构精确整合的高度可重复的三维HSEs。虽然在过去十年中用于皮肤病研究的生物工程模型领域取得了巨大进展，但仍需要做出重大努力来创建真正仿生的皮肤病模型。在未来利用三维HSEs的研究中，必须强调整合与所研究皮肤病相关的所有附属结构。对皮肤病复杂病理学的深入研究以及有效治疗方法的开发需要使用高效的皮肤病模型。
