The Pirbright Institute, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
Viruses. 2022 Feb 8;14(2):351. doi: 10.3390/v14020351.
This article aims to review all currently known interactions between animal and human coronaviruses and their cellular receptors. Over the past 20 years, three novel coronaviruses have emerged that have caused severe disease in humans, including SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2); therefore, a deeper understanding of coronavirus host-cell interactions is essential. Receptor-binding is the first stage in coronavirus entry prior to replication and can be altered by minor changes within the spike protein-the coronavirus surface glycoprotein responsible for the recognition of cell-surface receptors. The recognition of receptors by coronaviruses is also a major determinant in infection, tropism, and pathogenesis and acts as a key target for host-immune surveillance and other potential intervention strategies. We aim to highlight the need for a continued in-depth understanding of this subject area following on from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with the possibility for more zoonotic transmission events. We also acknowledge the need for more targeted research towards glycan-coronavirus interactions as zoonotic spillover events from animals to humans, following an alteration in glycan-binding capability, have been well-documented for other viruses such as Influenza A.
本文旨在回顾所有目前已知的动物和人类冠状病毒及其细胞受体之间的相互作用。在过去的 20 年中，三种新型冠状病毒已经出现，这些病毒会导致人类严重疾病，包括 SARS-CoV-2（严重急性呼吸系统综合征病毒 2）；因此，深入了解冠状病毒的宿主细胞相互作用至关重要。受体结合是冠状病毒进入细胞之前的第一个阶段，在刺突蛋白（负责识别细胞表面受体的冠状病毒表面糖蛋白）内的微小变化可以改变受体结合。冠状病毒对受体的识别也是感染、嗜性和发病机制的主要决定因素，也是宿主免疫监测和其他潜在干预策略的关键目标。我们旨在强调在 SARS-CoV-2 大流行之后，需要对这一主题领域进行持续深入的了解，因为可能会有更多的人畜共患病传播事件。我们还认识到，需要对糖蛋白-冠状病毒相互作用进行更有针对性的研究，因为动物向人类的糖基结合能力改变后，其他病毒（如甲型流感病毒）已经有大量的人畜共患病溢出事件的记录。
