Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Feb 9;23(4):1947. doi: 10.3390/ijms23041947.
The demand for agricultural crops continues to escalate with the rapid growth of the population. However, extreme climates, pests and diseases, and environmental pollution pose a huge threat to agricultural food production. Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) are beneficial for plant growth and production and can be used as nanopesticides, nanoherbicides, and nanofertilizers in agriculture. This article provides a review of the absorption and transportation of SNPs in plants, as well as their role and mechanisms in promoting plant growth and enhancing plant resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. In general, SNPs induce plant resistance against stress factors by strengthening the physical barrier, improving plant photosynthesis, activating defensive enzyme activity, increasing anti-stress compounds, and activating the expression of defense-related genes. The effect of SNPs on plants stress is related to the physical and chemical properties (e.g., particle size and surface charge) of SNPs, soil, and stress type. Future research needs to focus on the "SNPs-plant-soil-microorganism" system by using omics and the in-depth study of the molecular mechanisms of SNPs-mediated plant resistance.
随着人口的快速增长，对农作物的需求不断攀升。然而，极端气候、病虫害和环境污染对农业粮食生产构成了巨大威胁。硅纳米颗粒（SNPs）有益于植物生长和生产，可在农业中用作纳米杀虫剂、纳米除草剂和纳米肥料。本文综述了 SNPs 在植物中的吸收和转运，以及它们在促进植物生长和增强植物对生物和非生物胁迫的抗性方面的作用和机制。一般来说，SNPs 通过增强物理屏障、改善植物光合作用、激活防御酶活性、增加抗应激化合物和激活防御相关基因的表达来诱导植物对胁迫因子的抗性。SNPs 对植物胁迫的影响与 SNPs 的物理化学性质（如粒径和表面电荷）、土壤和胁迫类型有关。未来的研究需要通过组学技术聚焦 SNPs-植物-土壤-微生物系统，并深入研究 SNPs 介导的植物抗性的分子机制。
