From the Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, via Gattamelata, 64, 35128 Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M., M.P.); Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padua, Italy (A.B.); Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy (M.A., G.P.); Medical Physics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy (E.L., E. Menghi, E. Mezzenga, A.S.); and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (L.S., S.S.).
Radiology. 2022 Jun;303(3):533-541. doi: 10.1148/radiol.211604. Epub 2022 Mar 1.
Background The translation of radiomic models into clinical practice is hindered by the limited reproducibility of features across software and studies. Standardization is needed to accelerate this process and to bring radiomics closer to clinical deployment. Purpose To assess the standardization level of seven radiomic software programs and investigate software agreement as a function of built-in image preprocessing (eg, interpolation and discretization), feature aggregation methods, and the morphological characteristics (ie, volume and shape) of the region of interest (ROI). Materials and Methods The study was organized into two phases: In phase I, the two Image Biomarker Standardization Initiative (IBSI) phantoms were used to evaluate the IBSI compliance of seven software programs. In phase II, the reproducibility of all IBSI-standardized radiomic features across tools was assessed with two custom Italian multicenter Shared Understanding of Radiomic Extractors (ImSURE) digital phantoms that allowed, in conjunction with a systematic feature extraction, observations on whether and how feature matches between program pairs varied depending on the preprocessing steps, aggregation methods, and ROI characteristics. Results In phase I, the software programs showed different levels of completeness (ie, the number of computable IBSI benchmark values). However, the IBSI-compliance assessment revealed that they were all standardized in terms of feature implementation. When considering additional preprocessing steps, for each individual program, match percentages fell by up to 30%. In phase II, the ImSURE phantoms showed that software agreement was dependent on discretization and aggregation as well as on ROI shape and volume factors. Conclusion The agreement of radiomic software varied in relation to factors that had already been standardized (eg, interpolation and discretization methods) and factors that need standardization. Both dependences must be resolved to ensure the reproducibility of radiomic features and to pave the way toward the clinical adoption of radiomic models. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. See also the editorial by Steiger in this issue.
背景 由于特征在软件和研究之间的可重复性有限，因此将放射组学模型转化为临床实践受到阻碍。需要标准化来加速这一过程，使放射组学更接近临床应用。目的 评估七种放射组学软件程序的标准化水平，并研究软件一致性作为内置图像预处理（例如，插值和离散化）、特征聚合方法以及感兴趣区域（ROI）的形态特征（即体积和形状）的函数。材料与方法 该研究分为两个阶段：在第一阶段，使用两个图像生物标志物标准化倡议（IBSI）体模来评估七种软件程序的 IBSI 合规性。在第二阶段，使用两个定制的意大利多中心共享放射组学提取器理解（ImSURE）数字体模评估所有 IBSI 标准化放射组学特征在工具之间的再现性，这允许结合系统特征提取，观察特征匹配程序对之间是否以及如何根据预处理步骤、聚合方法和 ROI 特征而变化。结果 在第一阶段，软件程序显示出不同程度的完整性（即，可计算的 IBSI 基准值的数量）。然而，IBSI 合规性评估表明，它们在特征实现方面都是标准化的。当考虑额外的预处理步骤时，对于每个单独的程序，匹配百分比下降了多达 30%。在第二阶段，ImSURE 体模表明软件一致性取决于离散化和聚合以及 ROI 形状和体积因素。结论 放射组学软件的一致性因已经标准化的因素（例如，插值和离散化方法）和需要标准化的因素而异。必须解决这两个依赖性，以确保放射组学特征的可重复性，并为放射组学模型的临床应用铺平道路。在知识共享署名 4.0 许可下发布。请参阅本期杂志中 Steiger 的社论。
