University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Dev Sci. 2022 Nov;25(6):e13256. doi: 10.1111/desc.13256. Epub 2022 Mar 11.
Executive functioning (EF) is fundamental to positive development. Yet, little is known about how to best characterize constellations of EF skills that may inform disparate associations between EF and behavior during adolescence. In the current study, cross-validated latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to derive profiles of EF based on measures of inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility using data from 11,672 youth (52.2% male, mean age = 9.91 years) in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study. Four meaningful EF profiles emerged from the data representing Average EF, High EF, Low Inhibitory Control, and Low EF. Boys, youth from low-income households, and early developing youth were more likely to be in profiles distinguished by lower EF. Profile membership also predicted differences in externalizing, internalizing, and other problem behaviors assessed one year later. Findings indicate that youth may have distinct constellations of EF skills, underscoring the need for person-centered approaches that focus on patterns of individual characteristics.
执行功能（EF）是积极发展的基础。然而，对于如何最好地描述可能影响青春期 EF 与行为之间不同关联的 EF 技能组合，我们知之甚少。在当前的研究中，使用交叉验证的潜在剖面分析（LPA），根据来自青少年大脑与认知发展研究中 11672 名青少年（52.2%为男性，平均年龄为 9.91 岁）的抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性测量数据，得出 EF 剖面。数据中出现了四个有意义的 EF 剖面，分别代表平均 EF、高 EF、低抑制控制和低 EF。男孩、来自低收入家庭的青少年和早期发展的青少年更有可能处于 EF 较低的特征明显的剖面中。特征成员资格也预测了一年后评估的外化、内化和其他问题行为的差异。研究结果表明，青少年可能具有不同的 EF 技能组合，这强调了需要采用关注个体特征模式的以个体为中心的方法。
