Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Nawaz Sharif Medical College, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.
Inflammopharmacology. 2022 Apr;30(2):621-638. doi: 10.1007/s10787-022-00949-5. Epub 2022 Mar 7.
Caralluma tuberculata N.E. Brown (Common name: Chongan), belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae is distributed widely in hilly areas of Dir, Swat, Kohat and in plain lands of Punjab, Pakistan. The plant has been used as a source of vegetable as well as home remedy for headache, muscle spasms and rheumatism. The present study was proposed to investigate the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic potential of the aqueous methanolic extract of C. tuberculata (ICE). The dried shoots of plant were used to prepare aqueous methanolic extract (30:70) by 3 days thrice maceration and filtration followed by evaporation under reduced pressure. ICE was screened for the presence of phytochemicals using preliminary phytochemical analysis and HPLC. The antioxidant potential was evaluated through DPPH assay. Analgesic potential of ICE was studied using hot plate and tail immersion methods, and anti-inflammatory activity was performed using turpentine oil and carrageenan-induced inflammation models, in wistar albino rats. Formaldehyde-induced and Complete Freund's Adjuvant-induced arthritis models were used for the assessment of anti-arthritic activity of ICE and its effects on serum levels of PGE-2 as well as gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were studied. ICE displayed a dose-dependent (300-1000 mg/Kg p.o.) analgesic effect in hot plate (maximum retention time of 10.87 and 13 s) and tail immersion (response time of 11 and 13.64 s) tests at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/Kg, respectively. The extract exhibited a significant decrease in paw inflammation of rats at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/Kg as compared to the disease control group. ICE also exhibited a remarkable decline in arthritic score and a dose-dependent drop in serum levels of prostaglandin E2. There was a significant suppression in the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB and cyclooxygenase enzyme in treatment groups. This study concludes that Caralluma tuberculata exhibits strong analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-arthritic activities thus upholding the vernacular use of the plant for pain and rheumatism.
管叶木（学名：Caralluma tuberculata N.E. Brown），萝藦科管叶木属植物，分布于巴基斯坦迪尔、斯瓦特、科哈特和旁遮普平原丘陵地区。该植物被用作蔬菜来源，并被用于治疗头痛、肌肉痉挛和风湿等疾病。本研究旨在研究管叶木（Caralluma tuberculata）水-甲醇提取物（ICE）的镇痛、抗炎和抗关节炎潜力。通过 3 天 3 次浸渍和过滤，然后减压蒸发，从干燥的植物茎中制备水-甲醇提取物（30:70）。使用初步的植物化学分析和高效液相色谱法（HPLC）检查 ICE 中是否存在植物化学物质。通过 DPPH 测定评估抗氧化潜力。通过热板和尾巴浸入方法研究 ICE 的镇痛潜力，通过松节油和角叉菜胶诱导的炎症模型研究其抗炎活性，在 Wistar 白化大鼠中进行。使用甲醛诱导和完全弗氏佐剂诱导的关节炎模型评估 ICE 的抗关节炎活性，并研究其对血清 PGE-2 水平以及促炎细胞因子基因表达水平的影响。ICE 在热板（最大保留时间为 10.87 和 13 秒）和尾巴浸入（分别为 500 和 1000mg/kg 剂量时的反应时间为 11 和 13.64 秒）测试中，以 300-1000mg/kg 的剂量依赖性方式显示出镇痛作用。与疾病对照组相比，该提取物在 500 和 1000mg/kg 剂量下显著降低了大鼠的爪肿胀。ICE 还表现出显著降低关节炎评分和剂量依赖性降低血清前列腺素 E2 水平。在治疗组中，TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、NF-κB 和环氧化酶的表达显著受到抑制。本研究得出结论，管叶木具有很强的镇痛、抗炎、抗氧化和抗关节炎活性，因此支持了该植物用于疼痛和风湿的民间用途。
