Wen Yue, Dai Ruobin, Li Xuesong, Zhang Xingran, Cao Xingzhong, Wu Zhichao, Lin Shihong, Tang Chuyang Y, Wang Zhiwei
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS, Beijing 100049, China.
Sci Adv. 2022 Mar 11;8(10):eabm4149. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abm4149. Epub 2022 Mar 9.
While reverse osmosis (RO) is the leading technology to address the global challenge of water scarcity through desalination and potable reuse of wastewater, current RO membranes fall short in rejecting certain harmful constituents from seawater (e.g., boron) and wastewater [e.g., -nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)]. In this study, we develop an ultraselective polyamide (PA) membrane by enhancing interfacial polymerization with amphiphilic metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoflakes. These MOF nanoflakes horizontally align at the water/hexane interface to accelerate the transport of diamine monomers across the interface and retain gas bubbles and heat of the reaction in the interfacial reaction zone. These mechanisms synergistically lead to the formation of a crumpled and ultrathin PA nanofilm with an intrinsic thickness of ~5 nm and a high cross-linking degree of ~98%. The resulting PA membrane delivers exceptional desalination performance that is beyond the existing upper bound of permselectivity and exhibited very high rejection (>90%) of boron and NDMA unmatched by state-of-the-art RO membranes.
虽然反渗透（RO）是通过海水淡化和废水的饮用水回用应对全球水资源短缺挑战的领先技术，但目前的RO膜在截留海水中的某些有害成分（如硼）和废水中的有害成分[如N-亚硝基二甲胺（NDMA）]方面存在不足。在本研究中，我们通过用两亲性金属有机框架（MOF）纳米片增强界面聚合来开发一种超选择性聚酰胺（PA）膜。这些MOF纳米片在水/己烷界面水平排列，以加速二胺单体跨界面的传输，并在界面反应区保留反应产生的气泡和热量。这些机制协同作用，导致形成一种褶皱的超薄PA纳米膜，其固有厚度约为5 nm，交联度高达约98%。所得的PA膜具有卓越的脱盐性能，超出了现有选择性渗透的上限，并且对硼和NDMA表现出非常高的截留率（>90%），这是现有RO膜无法比拟的。
