Román Patricia, Gómez-Gómez Irene
Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Seville, Spain.
Loyola Behavioral Lab, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Seville, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2022 Feb 21;13:757023. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.757023. eCollection 2022.
The native language changes as a result of contact with a second language, and the pattern and degree of such change depend on a variety of factors like the bilingual experience or the linguistic level. Here, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of works that explore variations in native sentence comprehension and production by comparing monolinguals and bilinguals. Fourteen studies in the meta-analysis provided information regarding the bilingual experience and differences at the morphosyntactic level using behavioral methods. Overall, we observed that first language processing is subject to small transformations in bilinguals that occur in sentence comprehension and production. The magnitude of the changes depended on bilingual experiences, but only length of residence in an L2 setting predicted the degree of change, where shorter length of residence was associated with larger changes. Results are discussed and related to the cognitive processes that potentially cause the transformations in the first language. The present work reveals some limitations in the field that should be addressed in future studies to better understand the mechanisms behind language attrition.
母语会因与第二语言的接触而发生变化，这种变化的模式和程度取决于多种因素，如双语经历或语言水平。在此，我们对通过比较单语者和双语者来探究母语句子理解和产出差异的研究进行了系统综述和荟萃分析。荟萃分析中的14项研究使用行为方法提供了有关双语经历和形态句法层面差异的信息。总体而言，我们观察到双语者的第一语言处理在句子理解和产出中会发生微小的转变。变化的程度取决于双语经历，但只有在第二语言环境中的居住时长能预测变化程度，居住时长较短与较大的变化相关。我们对结果进行了讨论，并将其与可能导致第一语言发生转变的认知过程联系起来。目前的研究揭示了该领域的一些局限性，未来的研究应加以解决，以便更好地理解语言损耗背后的机制。
