Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 4;19(5):3013. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19053013.
There is limited research on the heterogeneity of worker suicides. We compared differences in workers' suicides by clustering suicide deaths.
From 2010 to 2017, 353 suicide deaths were claimed in the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance; variables were coded using a standardized methodology. A two-step cluster analysis classified the clusters based on demographic and employment conditions. Details of the suicide, clinical variables, personal stresses, and work-related stresses were compared using the chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance.
We identified five clusters and they differed particularly in work-related stress. "Responsibility-burdened type" experienced excessive responsibility as managers; "role-changed type" experienced a sudden and unpredictable role change as clerks or sales workers; "risk-exposed type" experienced physical risk factors at work (working alone, outdoors, and in shifts) as machine operating and assembling workers, or craft and related trades workers; "job-insecurity type" experienced unstable employment (irregular, nonpermanent) as elementary or service workers; "workplace-violence type" was mainly unmarried women who lived alone, and experienced interpersonal conflict and violence as professionals and related workers. There were no differences between clusters in clinical variables (except problem drinking) and personal stresses.
Interventions to alleviate work-related stress in worker clusters are needed to prevent suicide in workers.
关于工人自杀的异质性研究有限。我们通过聚类自杀死亡来比较工人自杀的差异。
2010 年至 2017 年，工业事故赔偿保险中申报了 353 例自杀死亡；使用标准化方法对变量进行编码。两步聚类分析根据人口统计学和就业条件对聚类进行分类。使用卡方检验和单因素方差分析比较自杀细节、临床变量、个人压力和与工作相关的压力。
我们确定了五个聚类，它们在与工作相关的压力方面存在显著差异。“责任负担型”的工人作为管理者承受着过度的责任；“角色转变型”的工人作为文员或销售人员经历了突然的、不可预测的角色转变；“风险暴露型”的工人作为机器操作人员和装配工或手工艺和相关行业的工人，或从事户外、轮班和有物理风险因素的工作；“工作不稳定型”的工人从事不稳定的工作（非正规、非永久性），如基层或服务人员；“职场暴力型”的工人主要是独居的未婚女性，作为专业人员和相关人员，她们经历了人际冲突和暴力。在临床变量（除了酗酒问题）和个人压力方面，各聚类之间没有差异。
需要针对工人聚类中的与工作相关的压力采取干预措施，以预防工人自杀。
