Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA.
Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA.
Nutrients. 2022 Jan 26;14(3):532. doi: 10.3390/nu14030532.
The developing human brain requires all essential nutrients to form and to maintain its structure. Infant and child cognitive development is dependent on adequate nutrition. Children who do not receive sufficient nutrition are at high risk of exhibiting impaired cognitive skills. This systematic review aimed to examine the effects of nutritional interventions on cognitive outcomes of preschool-age children. PubMed, PsycInfo, Academic Search Complete, and Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched to identify Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) published after the year 2000. Studies assessing the effects of food-based, single, and multiple micronutrient interventions on the cognition of nourished and undernourished children aged 2-6 years were deemed eligible. A total of 12 trials were identified. Eight out of the twelve studies found significant positive effects on cognitive outcomes. Iron and multiple-micronutrients supplementation yield improvements in the cognitive abilities of undernourished preschool-age children. Increased fish consumption was found to have a beneficial effect in the cognitive outcomes of nourished children. On the other hand, B-vitamin, iodized salt, and guava powder interventions failed to display significant results. Findings of this review highlight the importance of adequate nutrition during preschool years, and the crucial role sufficient nutrition plays in cognitive development.
人类大脑的发育需要所有必需的营养物质来形成和维持其结构。婴儿和儿童的认知发展依赖于充足的营养。得不到足够营养的儿童极有可能表现出认知技能受损的情况。本系统评价旨在考察营养干预对学龄前儿童认知结果的影响。我们检索了 PubMed、PsycInfo、Academic Search Complete 和 Cochrane Library 电子数据库，以确定 2000 年后发表的随机对照试验 (RCT)。评估食物为基础的、单一的和多种微量营养素干预对营养充足和营养不足的 2-6 岁儿童认知的影响的研究被认为是合格的。共确定了 12 项试验。在这 12 项研究中，有 8 项研究发现对认知结果有显著的积极影响。铁和多种微量营养素的补充对营养不足的学龄前儿童的认知能力有改善作用。增加鱼类的摄入被发现对营养充足的儿童的认知结果有有益的影响。另一方面，B 族维生素、碘盐和番石榴粉干预未能显示出显著的结果。本综述的结果强调了在学龄前期间获得充足营养的重要性，以及充足营养在认知发展中所起的关键作用。
