Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, 01007 Vitoria, Spain.
Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
Nutrients. 2022 Feb 2;14(3):638. doi: 10.3390/nu14030638.
Using nutritional supplements is a widespread strategy among basketball players to ensure the appropriate provision of energy and nutrients to avoid certain complaints. Particularly in basketball, there is no consensus on the type, quantity or form of use in which these supplements should be administered. Therefore, the main aim of this systematic review is to highlight the ergo-nutritional aids that may be effective in basketball. A structured search was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in the Medline/PubMed and Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases until 31 December 2021; no year restriction was applied to the search strategy. There were no filters applied to the basketball players' level, gender, race, or age to increase the power of the analysis. The results of this systematic review have shown that the effective dose of caffeine to enhance anaerobic performance and the feeling of vigorousness and energy ranges from 3 to 6 mg·kg, showing more positive effects when is supplemented 60-75 min before exercise in the morning and in test-based task. On the other hand, vitamin E (ranging from 200 to 268 mg), vitamin D (10,000 IU) and EPA (2 g) may have a potential role in recovery and wellness. The primary limitation of this study is the scarcity of studies related to nutritional supplementation in basketball players. However, a major strength is that this is the first systematic review describing what ergo-nutritional aids may be specifically helpful for basketball. Despite the need for future studies, certain nutritional supplements may have promising advantages for basketball (long-term supplementation of nitrates for recovery), whereas others (β-alanine, sodium bicarbonate, and acute nitrate supplementation) might theoretically be regarded as not interesting for basketball, or even not recommended by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) as bovine colostrum.
使用营养补充剂是篮球运动员中广泛采用的策略，旨在确保适当提供能量和营养物质，以避免出现某些不适症状。特别是在篮球运动中，关于运动员应该使用何种类型、数量和形式的营养补充剂，尚未达成共识。因此，本系统综述的主要目的是强调可能对篮球运动有益的补充剂。按照系统综述和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，我们在 Medline/PubMed 和 Web of Science、Cochrane 图书馆和 Scopus 数据库中进行了有组织的检索，检索时间截至 2021 年 12 月 31 日；检索策略没有对年份进行限制。在分析中，我们没有对篮球运动员的水平、性别、种族或年龄进行筛选，以增加分析的效力。本系统综述的结果表明，提高无氧表现和活力与能量的咖啡因有效剂量为 3 至 6 毫克·千克，在早上和基于测试的任务中，运动前 60-75 分钟补充时，效果更为明显。另一方面，维生素 E（200 至 268 毫克）、维生素 D（10000IU）和 EPA（2 克）可能在恢复和健康方面具有潜在作用。本研究的主要局限性在于与篮球运动员营养补充相关的研究相对较少。但是，本研究的一个主要优势是，这是第一篇描述特定的营养补充剂可能对篮球运动有何帮助的系统综述。尽管需要进一步研究，但某些营养补充剂可能对篮球运动有很大的好处（长期补充硝酸盐以恢复），而其他一些补充剂（β-丙氨酸、碳酸氢钠和急性硝酸盐补充）可能在理论上被认为对篮球运动没有意义，甚至不被世界反兴奋剂机构（WADA）推荐，如牛初乳。
