School of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.
Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
J Med Econ. 2022 Jan-Dec;25(1):437-449. doi: 10.1080/13696998.2022.2054202.
How the Chinese government controls the Covid-19 epidemic? This paper aims to answer this question from the perspective of public health expenditure, and policy, and then to help the government to perform better in infectious disease prevention and public health emergency management.
We reviewed the development phases of the COVID-19 epidemic in China and divided it into four stages (incubation stage, outbreak stage, resolution stage, and stable stage). Then we adopted a content analysis method MAXQDA2020, to analyze the combined application of four different types of policy tools in different stages with 571 texts of epidemic governance policy from the Chinese central government. We also calculated and compared the Chinese public health expenditure between epidemic and non-epidemic periods. Moreover, we also discussed implications for public health emergency management and for infectious disease prevention and control in China.
(1) in the incubation stage, the potential epidemic has not attracted enough attention from the government; (2) the combination of the 4 types of policies is not only an important reason in controlling epidemic during the outbreak stage and resolution stage, but also the reason why the small-scale epidemic has not expanded in the stable stage; (3) the increasing Chinese public health expenditure, involving public health emergency treatment (114.81 billion yuan), government hospitals (284.84 billion yuan) and major public health service projects (45.33 billion yuan), is another critical reason for the rapid control of the epidemic.
Public health expenditure and policy played an important role in the governance and control of the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Some limitations of China's infectious disease prevention system and public health emergency management system have been exposed to the public in this epidemic, which the Chinese government needs to improve in the future.
中国政府如何控制新冠疫情？本文旨在从公共卫生支出和政策角度回答这个问题，以期为政府更好地开展传染病防控和突发公共卫生事件应急管理提供参考。
我们回顾了中国新冠疫情的发展阶段，并将其分为四个阶段（潜伏期、爆发期、缓解期和稳定期）。然后，我们采用内容分析法，利用 MAXQDA2020 对 571 篇中国中央政府疫情治理政策文件进行分析，研究不同阶段四种不同类型政策工具的综合应用。我们还计算并比较了疫情期间和非疫情期间的中国公共卫生支出。此外，我们还讨论了对中国突发公共卫生事件管理和传染病防控的启示。
（1）在潜伏期，疫情尚未引起政府足够重视；（2）四类政策的结合不仅是爆发期和缓解期控制疫情的重要原因，也是稳定期小规模疫情未扩散的原因；（3）不断增加的中国公共卫生支出，涉及公共卫生应急处理（1148.1 亿元）、政府医院（2848.4 亿元）和重大公共卫生服务项目（453.3 亿元），也是疫情迅速得到控制的另一个关键原因。
公共卫生支出和政策在中国新冠疫情的治理和控制中发挥了重要作用。此次疫情使中国传染病防控和突发公共卫生事件应急管理体系的一些局限性暴露在公众面前，中国政府在未来需要对此加以改进。
