Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2022 Nov;167(5):896-899. doi: 10.1177/01945998221085500. Epub 2022 Mar 15.
The objective of this study was to identify specific olfactory phenotypes-patterns of olfactory performance-across distinct cohorts with or without olfactory dysfunction (OD). Adult patients underwent testing via a novel olfactory testing methodology in 1 of 4 groups based on health status: sinonasal inflammatory condition (chronic rhinosinusitis or allergic rhinitis), ≥4 weeks of self-reported OD after resolved COVID-19 infection, Alzheimer's disease, and healthy control. Participants' scores for each scent were normalized on a scale of 0 to 1 relative to their worst and best scores. Agglomerative hierarchal cluster analysis was performed on normalized data for the COVID-19 and sinonasal cohorts. Resulting clusters from the penultimate merger revealed a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 63% for the detection of patients with COVID-19. These results support that there are olfactory phenotypes that may discriminate COVID-19 OD from sinonasal inflammatory disease. These phenotypes will likely become increasingly leveraged in the workup and treatment of patients with OD.
本研究旨在确定具有或不具有嗅觉功能障碍（OD）的不同队列中特定的嗅觉表型（嗅觉表现模式）。成年患者根据健康状况在以下 4 个组中的 1 个组中接受了一种新型嗅觉测试方法的测试：鼻-鼻窦炎症（慢性鼻-鼻窦炎或过敏性鼻炎）、COVID-19 感染后持续 4 周以上的自我报告 OD、阿尔茨海默病和健康对照组。参与者的每种气味得分相对于其最差和最佳得分在 0 到 1 的范围内进行归一化。对 COVID-19 和鼻-鼻窦队列的归一化数据进行了凝聚层次聚类分析。倒数第二次合并产生的聚类对 COVID-19 的检测具有 81%的敏感性和 63%的特异性。这些结果表明，存在嗅觉表型可以区分 COVID-19 OD 与鼻-鼻窦炎症性疾病。这些表型可能会越来越多地用于 OD 患者的检查和治疗。
