Sugimura T
Environ Health Perspect. 1986 Aug;67:5-10. doi: 10.1289/ehp.86675.
Mutation assay with Salmonella typhimurium enabled us to detect various types of mutagens in cooked foods. A series of mutagenic heterocyclic amines has been isolated and identified in broiled fish and meat and in pyrolyzates of amino acids and proteins. Feeding experiments showed these mutagens to be carcinogenic in mice and rats. The mechanism of formation and pathway of metabolic activation of these heterocyclic amines have been elucidated. Their contents in various cooked foods have been determined. The presence of mutagenic nitropyrenes (some of which were confirmed as carcinogens) in grilled chicken was also established. Roasted coffee beans also yield mutagens such as methylglyoxal. The formation of mutagen precursors, including beta-carboline derivatives and tyramine which become mutagens with nitrite treatment, was found during food processing. Oncogene activation in animal tumors induced by some of these food mutagens/carcinogens has been confirmed. The role of mutagens/carcinogens in cooked foods in human cancer development has not yet been exactly evaluated. In order to do this, more information on their carcinogenic potency, human intake, metabolism in the human body, and the effects of combined administration with other initiators, promoters and other modifying factors in food is required.
利用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌进行的突变试验使我们能够检测熟食中的各种类型诱变剂。已在烤鱼和肉类以及氨基酸和蛋白质的热解产物中分离并鉴定出一系列诱变杂环胺。喂养实验表明这些诱变剂在小鼠和大鼠中具有致癌性。这些杂环胺的形成机制和代谢活化途径已得到阐明。已测定了它们在各种熟食中的含量。还确定了烤鸡肉中存在诱变硝基芘（其中一些被确认为致癌物）。烘焙咖啡豆也会产生诱变剂，如甲基乙二醛。在食品加工过程中发现了诱变前体的形成，包括β-咔啉衍生物和经亚硝酸盐处理后成为诱变剂的酪胺。已证实其中一些食物诱变剂/致癌物诱发的动物肿瘤中的癌基因活化。熟食中的诱变剂/致癌物在人类癌症发展中的作用尚未得到准确评估。为了做到这一点，需要更多关于它们的致癌效力、人体摄入量、在人体内的代谢以及与食物中其他引发剂、促进剂和其他修饰因素联合给药的影响的信息。
