Rafiq Rezwana, McNally Michael G, Sarwar Uddin Yusuf, Ahmed Tanjeeb
Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3600, USA.
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3600, USA.
Transp Res Part A Policy Pract. 2022 May;159:35-54. doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2022.03.003. Epub 2022 Mar 14.
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has created significant public health concerns that led the public and private sectors to impose stay-at-home and work-from-home policies. Although working from home has been a conventional albeit infrequent behavior, the prevalence of this option was significantly and rapidly accelerated during the pandemic. This study explored the impacts of working from home on activity-travel behavior during the pandemic. Both work and non-work activity participation declined during the pandemic but to what extent was this due to working from home? How did working from home affect other measures of travel such as person-miles traveled? We approached these questions by developing a Structural Regression model and using cross-sectional data for the early phase of the pandemic when the infection curve was flattened and activity-travel behavior became relatively stable following the drastic changes observed during the pandemic's initial shock. Combining U.S. county-level data from the Maryland Transportation Institute and Google Mobility Reports, we concluded that the proportion of people working from home directly depended on pandemic severity and associated public health policies as well as on a range of socio-economic characteristics. Working from home contributed to a reduction in workplace visits. It also reduced non-work activities but only via a reduction in non-work activities linked to work. Finally, a higher working from home proportion in a county corresponded to a reduction in average person-miles traveled. A higher degree of state government responses to containment and closure policies contributed to an increase in working from home, and decreases in workplace and non-workplace visits and person-miles traveled in a county. The results of this study provide important insights into changes in activity-travel behavior associated with working from home as a response strategy to major disruptions such as those imposed by a pandemic.
持续的新冠疫情引发了重大的公共卫生问题，促使公共和私营部门实施居家和远程办公政策。尽管远程办公一直是一种常规行为，只是不太常见，但在疫情期间，这种办公方式的普及率显著且迅速提高。本研究探讨了疫情期间远程办公对活动出行行为的影响。疫情期间，工作和非工作活动的参与度均有所下降，但这在多大程度上是由于远程办公所致？远程办公如何影响其他出行指标，如出行英里数？我们通过构建一个结构回归模型并使用疫情早期阶段的横截面数据来解决这些问题，当时感染曲线趋于平缓，活动出行行为在经历了疫情初期冲击带来的剧烈变化后变得相对稳定。结合来自马里兰交通研究所的美国县级数据和谷歌移动报告，我们得出结论，居家办公的人口比例直接取决于疫情的严重程度、相关的公共卫生政策以及一系列社会经济特征。远程办公有助于减少前往工作场所的次数。它还减少了非工作活动，但只是通过减少与工作相关的非工作活动来实现。最后，一个县中居家办公比例越高，平均出行英里数就越低。州政府对防控和封闭政策的响应程度越高，该县的居家办公比例就越高，前往工作场所和非工作场所的次数以及出行英里数就越低。本研究结果为与远程办公相关的活动出行行为变化提供了重要见解，远程办公是应对诸如疫情等重大干扰的一种应对策略。
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