School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Mar 11;2022:4289383. doi: 10.1155/2022/4289383. eCollection 2022.
Bile acids are commonly known as one of the vital metabolites derived from cholesterol. The role of bile acids in glycolipid metabolism and their mechanisms in liver and cholestatic diseases have been well studied. In addition, bile acids also serve as ligands of signal molecules such as FXR, TGR5, and S1PR2 to regulate some physiological processes in vivo. Recent studies have found that bile acids signaling may also play a critical role in the central nervous system. Evidence showed that some bile acids have exhibited neuroprotective effects in experimental animal models and clinical trials of many cognitive dysfunction-related diseases. Besides, alterations in bile acid metabolisms well as the expression of different bile acid receptors have been discovered as possible biomarkers for prognosis tools in multiple cognitive dysfunction-related diseases. This review summarizes biosynthesis and regulation of bile acids, receptor classification and characteristics, receptor agonists and signaling transduction, and recent findings in cognitive dysfunction-related diseases.
胆汁酸通常被认为是胆固醇衍生的重要代谢物之一。胆汁酸在糖脂代谢中的作用及其在肝脏和胆汁淤积性疾病中的机制已得到充分研究。此外，胆汁酸还作为信号分子 FXR、TGR5 和 S1PR2 的配体，调节体内的一些生理过程。最近的研究发现，胆汁酸信号可能在中枢神经系统中也发挥着关键作用。有证据表明，一些胆汁酸在许多与认知功能障碍相关疾病的实验动物模型和临床试验中表现出神经保护作用。此外，在多种与认知功能障碍相关的疾病中，胆汁酸代谢的改变以及不同胆汁酸受体的表达已被发现可能成为预后工具的生物标志物。本综述总结了胆汁酸的生物合成和调节、受体分类和特征、受体激动剂和信号转导以及与认知功能障碍相关疾病的最新发现。
