与同龄独生子女相比，头胎学龄儿童的情绪和行为变化及相关因素
Emotional and Behavioral Changes and Related Factors of Firstborn School-Aged Compared to Same Age Only Children.
作者信息
Sheng Lulu, Yang Bo, Story Mary, Wu Wenyi, Xi Xuan, Zhou Yuanke, Wen Yi, Wang Hong, Liu Qin
机构信息
School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing, China.
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
出版信息
Front Public Health. 2022 Mar 3;10:822761. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.822761. eCollection 2022.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the emotional and behavioral characteristics of firstborn children during the pregnancy of a second child and only children of school-age in urban districts of Chongqing, China, and to explore the influencing factors of emotional and behavioral problems.
METHODS
We recruited mothers of firstborn children and only children from two hospitals and one primary school using purposive sampling. Questionnaires and the Parental Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were used to collect basic information, family socioeconomic status, family atmosphere and emotional and behavioral characteristics of their children in the survey.
RESULTS
The sample consisted of 1,155 children, including 477 firstborn children and 678 only children. The average scores of internalizing (4.47), externalizing (6.05), total problems (22.04), and six emotional and behavioral of firstborn children were significantly lower than those of only children ( < 0.05). When adjusted for children's demographic, socioeconomic and family relationship covariates, the scores of firstborn children internalizing problems (β = -1.423, = 0.000), externalizing problems (β = -0.661, = 0.048), and total problems (β = -4.387, = 0.000) were also significantly lower than those of only children. All children with more difficult parenting and development temperament, greater family economic pressure, poorer relationships between mother and child, less harmonious family atmosphere and father's permissive parenting style had more internalizing problems, externalizing problems and total problems ( < 0.05). Boys had more externalizing problems (β = 1.939, 95% CI = 1.380-2.497) and total problems (β = 4.908, 95% CI = 3.045-6.772) than girls.
CONCLUSION
Firstborn children had fewer emotional and behavioral problems than their counterparts who were only children. This research helps to understand the social impact of the implementation of the two-child policy in multiple dimensions.
目的
比较中国重庆市区二孩孕期头胎儿童与学龄期独生子女的情绪和行为特征，探讨情绪和行为问题的影响因素。
方法
采用立意抽样法，从两家医院和一所小学招募头胎儿童和独生子女的母亲。通过问卷调查和父母儿童行为量表（CBCL）收集调查中孩子的基本信息、家庭社会经济状况、家庭氛围以及情绪和行为特征。
结果
样本包括1155名儿童，其中477名头胎儿童和678名独生子女。头胎儿童内化问题（4.47）、外化问题（6.05）、总问题（22.04）及六项情绪和行为的平均得分显著低于独生子女（<0.05）。在调整儿童人口统计学、社会经济和家庭关系协变量后，头胎儿童内化问题（β=-1.423，P=0.000）、外化问题（β=-0.661，P=0.048）和总问题（β=-4.387，P=0.000）得分也显著低于独生子女。所有养育和发展气质较困难、家庭经济压力较大、母子关系较差、家庭氛围不和谐以及父亲采取放任型养育方式的儿童，其内化问题、外化问题和总问题更多（<0.05）。男孩比女孩有更多的外化问题（β=1.939，95%CI=1.380-2.497）和总问题（β=4.908，95%CI=3.045-6.772）。
结论
头胎儿童的情绪和行为问题比独生子女少。本研究有助于从多个维度理解二孩政策实施的社会影响。
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