Costa Daniela, Arantes Joana, Keating José
Psychology Research Center, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
PLoS One. 2022 Mar 22;17(3):e0265759. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265759. eCollection 2022.
Cooperative behaviors are typically investigated using social dilemmas inserted into scenarios with well-known characteristics. Nonetheless, in real life, group members may be uncertain about what others will decide (social uncertainty) and the characteristics of the dilemma itself (environmental uncertainty). Previous studies have shown that uncertainty reduces the willingness to cooperate. Dual-process approaches to cooperation have given rise to two different views. Some authors argue that deliberation is needed to overrule selfish motives, whereas others argue that intuition favors cooperation. In this work, our goal was to investigate the role of intuitive mental processing on cooperation in a prisoner's dilemma game involving uncertainty. Our results showed that participants cooperated less with their counterparts as the number of rounds progressed, suggesting a learning process and that intuitive mental processing in the first 50 rounds appears to favor cooperation under both deterministic and stochastic conditions. These results may help clarify the literature's mixed effects regarding cognitive processing manipulation on cooperation. Developing a better understanding of these effects may improve strategies in social problems involving cooperation under uncertainty and cognitive constraints.
合作行为通常通过插入具有众所周知特征的情景中的社会困境来进行研究。然而，在现实生活中，小组成员可能不确定其他人会做出什么决定（社会不确定性）以及困境本身的特征（环境不确定性）。先前的研究表明，不确定性会降低合作意愿。合作的双过程方法产生了两种不同的观点。一些作者认为需要深思熟虑来否决自私动机，而另一些人则认为直觉有利于合作。在这项工作中，我们的目标是研究直觉心理加工在涉及不确定性的囚徒困境博弈中的合作作用。我们的结果表明，随着轮数的增加，参与者与对手的合作减少，这表明存在一个学习过程，并且在前50轮中，直觉心理加工在确定性和随机性条件下似乎都有利于合作。这些结果可能有助于澄清文献中关于认知加工操纵对合作的混合影响。更好地理解这些影响可能会改善在涉及不确定性和认知限制下合作的社会问题中的策略。
