Department of Internal Medicine of Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Clinical Research Development Unit of Shohada-e Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2022 Sep;76(9):1297-1302. doi: 10.1038/s41430-022-01095-5. Epub 2022 Mar 23.
This study aimed to evaluate serum 25-hydroxyvitmain D and zinc levels in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in comparison to healthy subjects.
This was a single-center case-control study performed from March 20, 2020, to January 20, 2021, in Tehran, Iran. All patients diagnosed with COVID-19 based on a positive nasopharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test were included in the case group. Controls were selected from patients referred for routine checkups who had a negative COVID-19 PCR test. Age, sex, marital and educational status, comorbidities, and serum 25-hydroxyvitmain D and zinc levels of patients were recorded.
Ninety patients in the case group and 95 subjects in the control group who were sex and age-matched were studied. 25-hydroxyvitmain D levels higher than 20 ng/ml were observed in 58 (64%) cases and 72 (76%) controls (P = 0.09). The median 25-hydroxyvitmain D level in the case group was significantly lower than controls (26 (interquartile range [IQR] = 24) ng/ml vs. 38 (IQR = 22) ng/ml, respectively, P < 0.01). The median zinc level in the case group was 56 (IQR = 23) mcg/dL, while it was 110 (IQR = 27) mcg/dL among the controls (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the level of 25-hydroxyvitmain D and zinc between cases with and without comorbidities (P > 0.05). Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection could be predicted by serum 25-hydroxyvitmain D levels below 25.2 ng/ml (81% sensitivity; 48% specificity) or zinc levels below 86.3 mcg/dL (93% sensitivity; 92% specificity).
Low serum zinc and 25-hydroxyvitmain D levels appear to be risk factors for COVID-19 affliction; thus, the treatment of individuals with such deficiencies is recommended.
本研究旨在评估 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）患者与健康受试者相比血清 25-羟维生素 D 和锌的水平。
这是一项单中心病例对照研究，于 2020 年 3 月 20 日至 2021 年 1 月 20 日在伊朗德黑兰进行。所有基于鼻咽拭子聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测阳性而被诊断为 COVID-19 的患者均被纳入病例组。对照组是从接受常规检查的患者中选择的，这些患者 COVID-19 PCR 检测结果为阴性。记录了患者的年龄、性别、婚姻和教育状况、合并症以及血清 25-羟维生素 D 和锌水平。
共研究了 90 例病例组和 95 例性别和年龄匹配的对照组患者。58 例（64%）病例和 72 例（76%）对照组的血清 25-羟维生素 D 水平高于 20ng/ml（P=0.09）。病例组的中位 25-羟维生素 D 水平明显低于对照组（分别为 26（四分位距 [IQR] = 24）ng/ml 和 38（IQR = 22）ng/ml，P<0.01）。病例组的中位锌水平为 56（IQR = 23）mcg/dL，而对照组为 110（IQR = 27）mcg/dL（P<0.01）。有合并症和无合并症的病例之间的 25-羟维生素 D 和锌水平无显著差异（P>0.05）。血清 25-羟维生素 D 水平低于 25.2ng/ml（81%敏感性；48%特异性）或锌水平低于 86.3mcg/dL（93%敏感性；92%特异性）可预测对 SARS-CoV-2 感染的易感性。
血清锌和 25-羟维生素 D 水平较低似乎是 COVID-19 发病的危险因素；因此，建议对存在此类缺乏症的个体进行治疗。
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