Walther Andreas, Eggenberger Lukas, Grub Jessica, Ogrodniczuk John S, Seidler Zac E, Rice Simon M, Kealy David, Oliffe John L, Ehlert Ulrike
Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland.
Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2022 Mar 16;12(3):80. doi: 10.3390/bs12030080.
In the light of the COVID-19 pandemic and claims that traditional masculinity may put some men at increased risk for infection, research reporting men's health behaviors is critically important. Traditional masculine norms such as self-reliance and toughness are associated with a lower likelihood to vaccinate or follow safety restrictions. Furthermore, infection risk and traditional masculinity should be investigated in a differentiated manner including gender role orientation, underlying traditional masculine ideologies and male gender role conflict. In this pre-registered online survey conducted during March/April 2021 in German-speaking countries in Europe, 490 men completed questionnaires regarding contracting COVID-19 as confirmed by a validated test, fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S), and experience of psychological burden due to COVID-19. In addition, depression symptomatology was assessed by using prototypical internalizing and male-typical externalizing depression symptoms. Furthermore, self-identified masculine gender orientation, endorsement of traditional masculinity ideologies, and gender role conflict were measured. A total of 6.9% of men (n = 34) reported having contracted COVID-19 since the beginning of the pandemic. Group comparisons revealed that men who had contracted COVID-19 exhibited higher overall traditional masculine ideology and gender role conflict. Logistic regression controlling for confounders (age, income, education, and sexual orientation) indicated that only depression symptoms are independently associated with the risk of having contracted COVID-19. While prototypical depression symptoms were negatively associated with the risk of having contracted COVID-19, male-typical externalizing depression symptoms were positively associated with the risk of contracting COVID-19. For traditional masculinity, no robust association for an increased risk of contracting COVID-19 could be established, while higher male-typical externalizing depression symptoms were associated with an increased risk of contracting COVID-19.
鉴于新冠疫情以及有观点认为传统男性特质可能会使一些男性面临更高的感染风险，报道男性健康行为的研究至关重要。诸如自力更生和坚韧等传统男性规范与接种疫苗或遵守安全限制的可能性较低相关。此外，应从性别角色取向、潜在的传统男性意识形态和男性性别角色冲突等方面，以差异化的方式对感染风险和传统男性特质进行研究。在2021年3月/4月于欧洲德语国家进行的这项预先注册的在线调查中，490名男性完成了关于经有效检测确诊感染新冠病毒、对新冠病毒的恐惧（FCV - 19S）以及因新冠疫情产生的心理负担经历的问卷调查。此外，通过使用典型的内化和男性典型的外化抑郁症状来评估抑郁症状。此外，还测量了自我认同的男性性别取向、对传统男性意识形态的认同以及性别角色冲突。自疫情开始以来，共有6.9%的男性（n = 34）报告感染了新冠病毒。组间比较显示，感染新冠病毒的男性表现出更高的总体传统男性意识形态和性别角色冲突。控制混杂因素（年龄、收入、教育程度和性取向）的逻辑回归表明，只有抑郁症状与感染新冠病毒的风险独立相关。虽然典型的抑郁症状与感染新冠病毒的风险呈负相关，但男性典型的外化抑郁症状与感染新冠病毒的风险呈正相关。对于传统男性特质，无法确定其与感染新冠病毒风险增加之间存在稳健的关联，而较高的男性典型外化抑郁症状与感染新冠病毒的风险增加相关。
