School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
Nutrients. 2022 Mar 17;14(6):1276. doi: 10.3390/nu14061276.
This study aimed to examine the relationship between hypertension risk and protein intake in Chinese individuals. Our analysis included 7007 men and 7752 women from 9 China Health and Nutrition Survey waves (1991−2015). The main outcome was incident hypertension. Dietary intake was recorded using a combination of 3 consecutive 24-h recalls and a household food inventory survey. Energy-adjusted cumulative average intakes were analyzed, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were built. After 143,035 person-years of follow-up, 2586 and 2376 new male and female hypertension cases were identified, respectively. In multivariate-adjusted models with dietary protein intakes included as categorical variables, higher animal protein intake was associated with lower hypertension risk in women (p-trend = 0.01), whereas non-significant in men. Plant protein intake showed a significant positive correlation with hypertension risk, while non-significant for total protein. On a continuous scale, restricted cubic spline curves visually revealed L-, J-, and U-shaped associations between hypertension risk and animal-, plant-, and total-protein intakes, respectively, in both sexes (all p-nonlinearity < 0.0001). Our results suggest a beneficial association between intakes of animal, plant, and total proteins and hypertension risk at lower intake levels, and excessive intake of plant or total protein may increase the hypertension risk in the Chinese population.
本研究旨在探讨中国人群高血压风险与蛋白质摄入量之间的关系。我们的分析包括来自 9 次中国健康与营养调查（1991-2015 年）的 7007 名男性和 7752 名女性。主要结局是高血压的发生。膳食摄入量通过 3 次连续 24 小时回忆和家庭食物库存调查相结合来记录。分析了能量调整后的累积平均摄入量，并建立了 Cox 比例风险回归模型。经过 143035 人年的随访，分别确定了 2586 例和 2376 例新的男性和女性高血压病例。在包含蛋白质摄入量作为分类变量的多变量调整模型中，较高的动物蛋白摄入量与女性的较低高血压风险相关（p 趋势=0.01），而男性则不显著。植物蛋白摄入量与高血压风险呈显著正相关，而总蛋白则不显著。在连续尺度上，限制立方样条曲线直观地显示了高血压风险与动物蛋白、植物蛋白和总蛋白摄入量之间的 L 形、J 形和 U 形关联，在两性中均如此（所有 p-非线性<0.0001）。我们的结果表明，在中国人群中，动物蛋白、植物蛋白和总蛋白的摄入量与高血压风险在较低的摄入量水平下呈有益关联，而植物或总蛋白的过量摄入可能会增加高血压风险。
