Di Bartolomeo Mattia, Cavani Francesco, Pellacani Arrigo, Grande Alexis, Salvatori Roberta, Chiarini Luigi, Nocini Riccardo, Anesi Alexandre
Unit of Dentistry and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Surgery, Dentistry, Maternity and Infant Department, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy.
Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Human Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy.
Biology (Basel). 2022 Mar 5;11(3):402. doi: 10.3390/biology11030402.
Biophysical energies are a versatile tool to stimulate tissues by generating biopotentials. In particular, pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation has intrigued researchers since the 1970s. To date, many investigations have been carried out in vivo, but a gold standard treatment protocol has not yet been defined. The main obstacles are represented by the complex setting of PEMF characteristics, the variety of animal models (including direct and indirect bone damage) and the lack of a complete understanding of the molecular pathways involved. In the present review the main studies about PEMF stimulation in animal models with bone impairment were reviewed. PEMF signal characteristics were investigated, as well as their effect on molecular pathways and osseous morphological features. We believe that this review might be a useful starting point for a prospective study in a clinical setting. Consistent evidence from the literature suggests a potential beneficial role of PEMF in clinical practice. Nevertheless, the wide variability of selected parameters (frequency, duration, and amplitude) and the heterogeneity of applied protocols make it difficult to draw certain conclusions about PEMF effectiveness in clinical implementation to promote bone healing. Deepening the knowledge regarding the most consistent results reported in literature to date, we believe that this review may be a useful starting point to propose standardized experimental guidelines. This might provide a solid base for further controlled trials, to investigate PEMF efficacy in bone damage conditions during routine clinical practice.
生物物理能量是通过产生生物电位来刺激组织的一种多功能工具。特别是，自20世纪70年代以来，脉冲电磁场（PEMF）刺激一直吸引着研究人员。迄今为止，已经在体内进行了许多研究，但尚未确定金标准治疗方案。主要障碍包括PEMF特性的复杂设置、动物模型的多样性（包括直接和间接骨损伤）以及对所涉及分子途径缺乏全面了解。在本综述中，回顾了关于PEMF刺激在有骨损伤的动物模型中的主要研究。研究了PEMF信号特征，以及它们对分子途径和骨形态特征的影响。我们认为，本综述可能是临床环境中前瞻性研究的一个有用起点。文献中的一致证据表明PEMF在临床实践中具有潜在的有益作用。然而，所选参数（频率、持续时间和幅度）的广泛变异性以及应用方案的异质性使得难以就PEMF在促进骨愈合的临床应用中的有效性得出某些结论。深入了解迄今为止文献中报道的最一致的结果，我们认为本综述可能是提出标准化实验指南的一个有用起点。这可能为进一步的对照试验提供坚实基础，以研究PEMF在常规临床实践中骨损伤情况下的疗效。
