School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, & Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
Department of Neurophysiology, Retinal Physiology and Gene Therapy, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Marburg, Deutschhausstrasse. 2 D-35037, Marburg, Germany.
RNA Biol. 2022;19(1):386-410. doi: 10.1080/15476286.2022.2055923. Epub 2021 Dec 31.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have been studied for decades, but only recently, during the COVID-19 pandemic, has the technology garnered noteworthy attention. In contrast to traditional vaccines, mRNA vaccines elicit a more balanced immune response, triggering both humoral and cellular components of the adaptive immune system. However, some inherent hurdles associated with stability, immunogenicity, delivery, along with the novelty of the technology, have generated scepticism in the adoption of mRNA vaccines. Recent developments have pushed to bypass these issues and the approval of mRNA-based vaccines to combat COVID-19 has further highlighted the feasibility, safety, efficacy, and rapid development potential of this platform, thereby pushing it to the forefront of emerging therapeutics. This review aims to demystify mRNA vaccines, delineating the evolution of the technology which has emerged as a timely solution to COVID-19 and exploring the immense potential it offers as a prophylactic option for other cryptic diseases.
信使 RNA（mRNA）疫苗已经研究了几十年，但直到最近，在 COVID-19 大流行期间，这项技术才引起了人们的关注。与传统疫苗不同，mRNA 疫苗引起更平衡的免疫反应，触发适应性免疫系统的体液和细胞成分。然而，与稳定性、免疫原性、传递相关的一些固有障碍，以及该技术的新颖性，导致人们对 mRNA 疫苗的采用产生了怀疑。最近的发展推动了对这些问题的规避，基于 mRNA 的疫苗对抗 COVID-19 的批准进一步突出了该平台的可行性、安全性、有效性和快速发展潜力，从而使其成为新兴治疗方法的前沿。本综述旨在阐明 mRNA 疫苗，阐述这项技术的发展，它已成为 COVID-19 的及时解决方案，并探讨其作为其他隐匿性疾病的预防选择的巨大潜力。
