College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq.
College of Science, Department of Biomedical Science, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq.
Biomed Res Int. 2022 Mar 14;2022:3323825. doi: 10.1155/2022/3323825. eCollection 2022.
During the infection and treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, age and comorbidities play a major role in the successful management of COVID-19. The nutritional status changes which occur in the body vary with the age and underlying conditions and has a vital role in the functioning of the immune system and cellular membrane integrity, thus minimizing the vulnerability to the infection. Considering the data already published by eminent researchers, a few micronutrients have shown outstanding results as supportive therapies in the treatment of viral infections. Micronutrient like zinc improves the membrane barrier integrity, has anti-inflammatory activity, and is involved in antibody production. Vitamin A supports the phagocytic activity of macrophages, while vitamin C reduces the worsening of respiratory tract infections by restoring the dysfunctional epithelial barrier of the lungs. Vitamin D, vitamin E, selenium, and omega-3 fatty acid metabolites play a major role in immunomodulation and in the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production. Magnesium is involved in the synthesis of antibodies, while copper, vitamin B12, and folate have significant effects on immune cells. A few researchers suggest that iron supplementation has reduced the risk of acquiring respiratory tract infections in children. As the age of the patient increases, the need for micronutrients increases, thus leading to an imbalanced nutritional status which in turn increases the risk and fatality of the infections. The use of micronutrients in modulating the inflammatory, immune responses, and the epithelial barrier integrity is explored during the treatment of viral infections for faster recovery.
在 SARS-CoV-2 病毒感染的感染和治疗过程中，年龄和合并症在 COVID-19 的成功管理中起着重要作用。身体中发生的营养状况变化因年龄和潜在状况而异，对免疫系统和细胞膜完整性的功能至关重要，从而最大程度地降低感染的脆弱性。考虑到知名研究人员已经公布的数据，一些微量营养素已显示出作为病毒感染治疗支持疗法的出色结果。微量营养素锌可改善膜屏障完整性，具有抗炎活性，并参与抗体产生。维生素 A 支持巨噬细胞的吞噬作用，而维生素 C 通过恢复肺部功能失调的上皮屏障来减少呼吸道感染的恶化。维生素 D、维生素 E、硒和 ω-3 脂肪酸代谢物在免疫调节和抑制促炎细胞因子产生中起主要作用。镁参与抗体的合成，而铜、维生素 B12 和叶酸对免疫细胞有重要影响。一些研究人员表明，铁补充剂降低了儿童呼吸道感染的风险。随着患者年龄的增长，对微量营养素的需求增加，从而导致营养失衡状态，从而增加感染的风险和死亡率。在治疗病毒感染时，人们探索了使用微量营养素来调节炎症、免疫反应和上皮屏障完整性，以实现更快的恢复。
