Singh Rajesh, Deshmukh Rohitas
Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura -281406, India.
Curr Drug Deliv. 2023;20(2):111-126. doi: 10.2174/1567201819666220331094812.
Cancer is one of the most lethal diseases of the twenty-first century. Many medicines, including antitumor antibiotics, deliver tedious and severe chemotherapy and radiation treatment, both of which have significant side effects. DNA nanorobots, as an alternative, might be used as a cancer treatment method that is both safer and more precise than current treatments. DNA nanobots are being praised as a major milestone in medical research. The major goal of these nanobots is to find and destroy malignant cells in the human body. A unique strand of DNA is folded into the systematic form to create these nanobots. DNA origami has magnified passive tumor-targeting and prolonged properties at the tumor location. The triangle-like DNA origami, in particular, shows excellent accumulation on passive targeting of the tumor. Self-built DNA origami nanostructures were utilized to deliver the anticancer drug doxorubicin into tumors, and the approach was found to be highly successful in vivo. In another demonstration, a robot was made with the help of DNA origami and aptamer for folding a 90nm long tube-like apparatus. It was carried out to transport the blood coagulation protease thrombin in the interior portion guarded against blood plasma protein and circulating platelets. The robot unfolded once the aptamer was identified and attached to its tumor-specific target molecule, delivering thrombin to the circulation, stimulating coagulation of the regional malignant cells, and proceeding to tumor necrosis and tumor growth inhibition. Various studies revealed the effectiveness of DNA nanobots in cancer therapy.
癌症是21世纪最致命的疾病之一。许多药物，包括抗肿瘤抗生素，都带来了冗长且严重的化疗和放射治疗，这两种治疗都有显著的副作用。作为一种替代方法，DNA纳米机器人可能被用作一种比当前治疗更安全、更精确的癌症治疗方法。DNA纳米机器人被誉为医学研究的一个重大里程碑。这些纳米机器人的主要目标是在人体中找到并摧毁恶性细胞。将独特的DNA链折叠成系统形式来制造这些纳米机器人。DNA折纸术增强了被动肿瘤靶向性以及在肿瘤部位的延长特性。特别是三角形的DNA折纸术在肿瘤的被动靶向方面显示出优异的聚集效果。利用自组装的DNA折纸纳米结构将抗癌药物阿霉素递送至肿瘤中，并且该方法在体内被发现非常成功。在另一个演示中，借助DNA折纸术和适配体制造了一个机器人，用于折叠一个90纳米长的管状装置。其目的是在防止血浆蛋白和循环血小板的内部区域运输凝血蛋白酶凝血酶。一旦适配体识别并附着到其肿瘤特异性靶分子上，机器人就会展开，将凝血酶释放到循环中，刺激局部恶性细胞的凝血，进而导致肿瘤坏死和肿瘤生长抑制。各种研究揭示了DNA纳米机器人在癌症治疗中的有效性。
