Davoodi Elham, Montazerian Hossein, Mirhakimi Anooshe Sadat, Zhianmanesh Masoud, Ibhadode Osezua, Shahabad Shahriar Imani, Esmaeilizadeh Reza, Sarikhani Einollah, Toorandaz Sahar, Sarabi Shima A, Nasiri Rohollah, Zhu Yangzhi, Kadkhodapour Javad, Li Bingbing, Khademhosseini Ali, Toyserkani Ehsan
Multi-Scale Additive Manufacturing (MSAM) Laboratory, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
Bioact Mater. 2021 Dec 30;15:214-249. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.12.027. eCollection 2022 Sep.
Metal additive manufacturing (AM) has led to an evolution in the design and fabrication of hard tissue substitutes, enabling personalized implants to address each patient's specific needs. In addition, internal pore architectures integrated within additively manufactured scaffolds, have provided an opportunity to further develop and engineer functional implants for better tissue integration, and long-term durability. In this review, the latest advances in different aspects of the design and manufacturing of additively manufactured metallic biomaterials are highlighted. After introducing metal AM processes, biocompatible metals adapted for integration with AM machines are presented. Then, we elaborate on the tools and approaches undertaken for the design of porous scaffold with engineered internal architecture including, topology optimization techniques, as well as unit cell patterns based on lattice networks, and triply periodic minimal surface. Here, the new possibilities brought by the functionally gradient porous structures to meet the conflicting scaffold design requirements are thoroughly discussed. Subsequently, the design constraints and physical characteristics of the additively manufactured constructs are reviewed in terms of input parameters such as design features and AM processing parameters. We assess the proposed applications of additively manufactured implants for regeneration of different tissue types and the efforts made towards their clinical translation. Finally, we conclude the review with the emerging directions and perspectives for further development of AM in the medical industry.
金属增材制造（AM）推动了硬组织替代物设计与制造的发展，使个性化植入物能够满足每位患者的特定需求。此外，集成在增材制造支架内的内部孔隙结构，为进一步开发和设计功能性植入物以实现更好的组织整合和长期耐用性提供了契机。在本综述中，重点介绍了增材制造金属生物材料设计与制造不同方面的最新进展。在介绍金属增材制造工艺后，展示了适用于与增材制造设备集成的生物相容性金属。然后，我们详细阐述了用于设计具有工程化内部结构的多孔支架的工具和方法——包括拓扑优化技术，以及基于晶格网络和三重周期极小曲面的晶胞图案。在此，深入讨论了功能梯度多孔结构为满足相互矛盾的支架设计要求带来的新可能性。随后，从设计特征和增材制造工艺参数等输入参数方面，综述了增材制造构建体的设计约束和物理特性。我们评估了增材制造植入物在不同组织类型再生方面的应用提议，以及在其临床转化方面所做的努力。最后，我们以增材制造在医疗行业进一步发展的新兴方向和前景来结束本综述。
