Vesaghhamedani Shadi, Ebrahimzadeh Farnoosh, Najafi Elnaz, Shabgah Omid Gohari, Askari Elham, Shabgah Arezoo Gowhari, Mohammadi Hamed, Jadidi-Niaragh Farhad, Navashenaq Jamshid Gholizadeh
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2022 Aug;172:3-14. doi: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.04.002. Epub 2022 Apr 8.
Today, there is a growing interest nowadays in the use of herbal substances as cancer therapeutic agents. Over recent years, Xanthohumol (XTL) has been brought out as a prenylated chalcone that is found in hops (Humulus lupulus) and beer. XTL is being investigated for its potential properties, and it has been found to have various biological effects, including anti-microbial, anti-viral, and immunomodulatory. Other than these biological effects, it has also been found that XTL exerts anti-tumor effects. In the beginning, XTL, by modulating cell signaling pathways, including ERK, AKT, NF-κB, AMPK, Wnt/β-catenin, and Notch signaling in cancer cells, inhibits tumor cell functions. Moreover, XTL, by inducing apoptotic pathways, either intrinsic or extrinsic, promotes cancer cell death and arrests the cell cycle. Furthermore, XTL inhibits metastasis, angiogenesis, cancer stemness, drug resistance, cell respiration, etc., which results in tumor aggressiveness inhibition. XTL has low solubility in water, and it has been hypothesized that some modifications, including biotinylation, can improve its pharmacogenetic characteristics. Additionally, XTL derivates such as dihydroXTL and tetrahydroXTL can be helpful for more anti-tumor activities. Using XTL with other anti-tumor agents is another approach to overcome tumor cell resistance. XTL or its derivatives, it is believed, might provide novel chemotherapeutic methods in future cancer therapy.
如今，人们对使用草药物质作为癌症治疗剂的兴趣日益浓厚。近年来，黄腐酚（XTL）作为一种异戊烯基查耳酮被发现，它存在于啤酒花（Humulus lupulus）和啤酒中。XTL因其潜在特性而受到研究，已发现它具有多种生物学效应，包括抗菌、抗病毒和免疫调节作用。除了这些生物学效应外，还发现XTL具有抗肿瘤作用。起初，XTL通过调节癌细胞中的细胞信号通路，包括ERK、AKT、NF-κB、AMPK、Wnt/β-连环蛋白和Notch信号通路，抑制肿瘤细胞功能。此外，XTL通过诱导内在或外在的凋亡途径，促进癌细胞死亡并使细胞周期停滞。此外，XTL抑制转移、血管生成、癌症干性、耐药性、细胞呼吸等，从而抑制肿瘤侵袭性。XTL在水中的溶解度较低，据推测，一些修饰，包括生物素化，可以改善其药代遗传学特性。此外，XTL的衍生物，如二氢XTL和四氢XTL，可能有助于增强抗肿瘤活性。将XTL与其他抗肿瘤药物联合使用是克服肿瘤细胞耐药性的另一种方法。据信，XTL或其衍生物可能会在未来的癌症治疗中提供新的化疗方法。
