Daily Practice Assessment of Status in NSCLC Patients: A New Challenge for the Thoracic Pathologist Is Right around the Corner.

mutations are among the most frequent genomic alterations identified in non-squamous non-small cell lung carcinomas (NS-NSCLC), notably in lung adenocarcinomas. In most cases, these mutations are mutually exclusive, with different genomic alterations currently known to be sensitive to therapies targeting , , , , and . Recently, several promising clinical trials targeting mutations, particularly for -mutated NSCLC, have established new hope for better treatment of patients. In parallel, other studies have shown that NSCLC harboring co-mutations in and or have demonstrated primary resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Thus, the assessment of the status in advanced-stage NS-NSCLC has become essential to setting up an optimal therapeutic strategy in these patients. This stimulated the development of new algorithms for the management of NSCLC samples in pathology laboratories and conditioned reorganization of optimal health care of lung cancer patients by the thoracic pathologists. This review addresses the recent data concerning the detection of mutations in NSCLC and focuses on the new challenges facing pathologists in daily practice for status assessment.