Saludes-Zanfaño Marta I, Vivar-Quintana Ana M, Morales-Corts María Remedios
Plant Production Group, Faculty of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
Food Technology Group, Superior Polytechnic School of Zamora, Universidad de Salamanca, 49022 Zamora, Spain.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Mar 29;11(7):916. doi: 10.3390/plants11070916.
The allelopathic effect of pistachios was analyzed by field and laboratory tests. The parameters analyzed in the field trials were the biomass, weed density, weed diversity, and specific richness of the weed community. The studies were carried out in the area under the canopy and in the area beyond the influence of the pistachio tree, and the results obtained were compared. In the laboratory, germination bioassays were carried out on seeds of 11 weed species in root water extract, rhizosphere soil, and leaf water extract. The germination percentage, radicle elongation, epicotyl elongation, and germination index were determined. The results obtained show that significantly less biomass was present in the area under the influence of the trees, and fewer different weed species were detected in that area. In addition, germination bioassays showed that the aqueous leaf extract was a potent inhibitor of germination. The total content of flavonoids and phenols according to the organs (roots or leaves) was also studied. Extracts obtained from leaves showed higher concentrations of total phenols and also of flavones and flavanols than roots. Gallic acid, catechin, myricetin, and quercetin were identified in extracts obtained from both leaves and roots, while naringenin and rutin were identified only in the leaf extract. The presence of phenolic compounds in which allelopathic activity has been previously described and the results obtained in the trials seem to indicate that there is an allelopathic effect of the leaf extract, which could be used for weed control, thus facilitating ecological and/or sustainable management.
通过田间试验和实验室测试分析了开心果的化感作用。田间试验分析的参数包括生物量、杂草密度、杂草多样性以及杂草群落的特定丰富度。研究在树冠下区域和不受开心果树影响的区域进行，并对所得结果进行比较。在实验室中，对11种杂草种子在根水提取物、根际土壤和叶水提取物中进行了发芽生物测定。测定了发芽率、胚根伸长、上胚轴伸长和发芽指数。所得结果表明，在树木影响区域内的生物量明显较少，且该区域检测到的不同杂草种类也较少。此外，发芽生物测定表明，叶水提取物是一种有效的发芽抑制剂。还研究了根据器官（根或叶）的黄酮类化合物和酚类化合物的总含量。从叶中获得的提取物显示出比根更高的总酚以及黄酮和黄烷醇浓度。在从叶和根中获得的提取物中均鉴定出了没食子酸、儿茶素、杨梅素和槲皮素，而柚皮苷和芦丁仅在叶提取物中被鉴定出。先前已描述过具有化感活性的酚类化合物的存在以及试验中获得的结果似乎表明叶提取物存在化感作用，这可用于杂草控制，从而促进生态和/或可持续管理。
