Ali Beshir M, Andersson M G, van den Borne B H P, Focker M, van der Fels-Klerx H J
Business Economics Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Section for Environment and Feed Hygiene, Department for Chemistry, Environment and Feed Hygiene, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), 75189 Uppsala, Sweden.
Foods. 2022 Apr 6;11(7):1059. doi: 10.3390/foods11071059.
The Swedish risk management case of Baltic fatty fishes, in which dioxin levels may be too high, is a typical multidimensional food safety decision problem involving public health, economic, environmental and socio-cultural aspects. To effectively address the dioxin food safety problem, the multiple dimensions and conflicting interests of stakeholders have to be considered systematically when evaluating competing risk management options. The objectives of this study were to illustrate the applicability of the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) method for multidimensional food safety risk management problems, and to evaluate the Swedish dioxin risk management using MCDA. The results show that the MCDA method is indeed a relevant tool for modelling the multifactorial Swedish dioxin problem and for initiating discussions amongst stakeholders to increase the acceptance of chosen strategies. Abolishing the derogation from the European Commission's maximum limits for the presence of dioxins in Swedish fish is the dominant strategy for risk assessors, whereas the preferences provided by the other stakeholders would suggest a continuation of the derogation without providing consumer information. However, the preferences of female consumers match with the 2011 decision of the Swedish government to ask for a derogation in combination with consumer information. The conclusion drawn from our MCDA analysis is comparable to the government's decision that-given the gradual reduction in dioxin concentrations in Baltic fish-the decision to continue providing consumer information or not mainly depends on how risk managers balance the preferences of the different stakeholders.
瑞典波罗的海肥鱼风险管理案例中，二噁英含量可能过高，这是一个典型的多维度食品安全决策问题，涉及公共卫生、经济、环境和社会文化等方面。为有效解决二噁英食品安全问题，在评估相互竞争的风险管理方案时，必须系统地考虑利益相关者的多个维度和相互冲突的利益。本研究的目的是说明多标准决策分析（MCDA）方法在多维度食品安全风险管理问题中的适用性，并使用MCDA评估瑞典的二噁英风险管理。结果表明，MCDA方法确实是一种适用于模拟瑞典多因素二噁英问题以及引发利益相关者之间讨论以提高对所选策略接受度的工具。取消欧盟委员会对瑞典鱼类中二噁英含量最高限量的减损规定，是风险评估者的主导策略，而其他利益相关者提供的偏好则表明应继续实行减损规定，且不向消费者提供信息。然而，女性消费者的偏好与瑞典政府2011年要求实行减损规定并同时提供消费者信息的决定相匹配。我们的MCDA分析得出的结论与政府的决定相当，即鉴于波罗的海鱼类中二噁英浓度逐渐降低，是否继续提供消费者信息的决定主要取决于风险管理者如何平衡不同利益相关者的偏好。
