KIIT School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Soladevanahalli, Bengaluru 560107, India.
J Chem Neuroanat. 2022 Jul;122:102101. doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102101. Epub 2022 Apr 14.
The Crown-shaped, severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) triggered the globally fatal illness of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). This infection is known to be initially reported in bats and has been causing major respiratory challenges. The primary symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, fatigue and dry cough. As progressed the complications may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ADRS), arrhythmia and shock. This review illustrates the neurological and neuropsychiatric impairments due to COVID-19 infection. The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters via the hematogenous or neural route, spreads to the Central Nervous System (CNS), causing a blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. Recent scientific articles have reported that SARS-CoV-2 causes several neurological issues such as encephalitis, seizures, acute stroke, delirium, meningoencephalitis and Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). As a long-term effect of this disease certain neuropsychiatric conditions are witnessed such as depression and anxiety. Invasion into followed by degeneration takes place causing an uncontrolled immune response. Transcription factors like NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells), which modulate genes responsible for inflammatory response gets over expressed. Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2- related factor 2) counterpoises the inflammation by antioxidant response towards COVID-19 infection. Like every other infection, the severity of this infection leads to deterioration of major organ systems and even leads to death. By the columns of this review, we elaborate on the neurological aspects of this life-threatening infection.
冠状严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2）引发了全球致命的 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）。这种感染最初被认为是在蝙蝠中发现的，并导致了严重的呼吸道问题。COVID-19 的主要症状包括发热、乏力和干咳。随着病情的发展，并发症可能导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）、心律失常和休克。本综述说明了 COVID-19 感染引起的神经和神经精神损伤。SARS-CoV-2 病毒通过血液或神经途径进入，传播到中枢神经系统（CNS），导致血脑屏障（BBB）功能障碍。最近的科学文章报道称，SARS-CoV-2 会导致多种神经系统问题，如脑炎、癫痫发作、急性中风、意识障碍、脑膜脑炎和格林-巴利综合征（GBS）。作为这种疾病的长期影响，某些神经精神疾病如抑郁和焦虑也会出现。入侵后发生退行性变，导致不受控制的免疫反应。转录因子如 NF-κB（核因子 kappa 轻链增强子的 B 细胞），调节炎症反应的基因表达增加。Nrf2（红细胞 2-相关因子 2 核因子）通过抗氧化反应来对抗 COVID-19 感染的炎症。像其他感染一样，这种感染的严重程度会导致主要器官系统的恶化，甚至导致死亡。通过这篇综述的阐述，我们详细说明了这种危及生命的感染的神经学方面。
