Algarni Suad, Ricke Steven C, Foley Steven L, Han Jing
Division of Microbiology, FDA National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, United States.
Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Mar 31;13:859854. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.859854. eCollection 2022.
The foodborne pathogen is considered a global public health risk. isolates can develop resistance to several antimicrobial drugs due to the rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, thus increasing the impact on hospitalization and treatment costs, as well as the healthcare system. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) play key roles in the dissemination of AMR genes in isolates. Multiple phenotypic and molecular techniques have been utilized to better understand the biology and epidemiology of plasmids including DNA sequence analyses, whole genome sequencing (WGS), incompatibility typing, and conjugation studies of plasmids from and related species. Focusing on the dynamics of AMR genes is critical for identification and verification of emerging multidrug resistance. The aim of this review is to highlight the updated knowledge of AMR genes in the mobilome of and related enteric bacteria. The mobilome is a term defined as all MGEs, including plasmids, transposons, insertion sequences (ISs), gene cassettes, integrons, and resistance islands, that contribute to the potential spread of genes in an organism, including isolates and related species, which are the focus of this review.
食源性病原体被认为是一种全球公共卫生风险。由于抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）基因的迅速传播，分离株可能对多种抗菌药物产生耐药性，从而增加了对住院治疗费用以及医疗系统的影响。移动遗传元件（MGEs）在食源性病原体分离株中AMR基因的传播中起关键作用。多种表型和分子技术已被用于更好地理解质粒的生物学和流行病学，包括DNA序列分析、全基因组测序（WGS）、不相容性分型以及对食源性病原体及其相关物种的质粒进行接合研究。关注AMR基因的动态对于鉴定和验证新出现的多重耐药性至关重要。本综述的目的是突出食源性病原体及其相关肠道细菌可移动基因组中AMR基因的最新知识。可移动基因组是一个术语，定义为所有MGEs，包括质粒、转座子、插入序列（ISs）、基因盒、整合子和耐药岛，它们有助于基因在生物体中潜在传播，包括食源性病原体分离株及其相关物种，这些是本综述的重点。
