Nykiel Małgorzata, Gietler Marta, Fidler Justyna, Prabucka Beata, Rybarczyk-Płońska Anna, Graska Jakub, Boguszewska-Mańkowska Dominika, Muszyńska Ewa, Morkunas Iwona, Labudda Mateusz
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, 05-870 Radzików, Poland.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Apr 7;11(8):1009. doi: 10.3390/plants11081009.
Cereal plants under abiotic or biotic stressors to survive unfavourable conditions and continue growth and development, rapidly and precisely identify external stimuli and activate complex molecular, biochemical, and physiological responses. To elicit a response to the stress factors, interactions between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, calcium ions, mitogen-activated protein kinases, calcium-dependent protein kinases, calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase, phytohormones and transcription factors occur. The integration of all these elements enables the change of gene expression, and the release of the antioxidant defence and protein repair systems. There are still numerous gaps in knowledge on these subjects in the literature caused by the multitude of signalling cascade components, simultaneous activation of multiple pathways and the intersection of their individual elements in response to both single and multiple stresses. Here, signal transduction pathways in cereal plants under drought, salinity, heavy metal stress, pathogen, and pest attack, as well as the crosstalk between the reactions during double stress responses are discussed. This article is a summary of the latest discoveries on signal transduction pathways and it integrates the available information to better outline the whole research problem for future research challenges as well as for the creative breeding of stress-tolerant cultivars of cereals.
谷类植物在非生物或生物胁迫下为了在不利条件下生存并继续生长发育，会快速且精确地识别外部刺激，并激活复杂的分子、生化和生理反应。为了引发对应激因素的反应，活性氧和氮物种、钙离子、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶、钙依赖性蛋白激酶、类钙调神经磷酸酶B相互作用蛋白激酶、植物激素和转录因子之间会发生相互作用。所有这些元素的整合能够实现基因表达的改变，以及抗氧化防御和蛋白质修复系统的释放。由于信号级联成分众多、多种途径同时激活以及它们各自的元素在应对单一和多重胁迫时相互交叉，文献中关于这些主题的知识仍存在许多空白。在此，讨论了谷类植物在干旱、盐度、重金属胁迫、病原体和害虫攻击下的信号转导途径，以及双重胁迫反应过程中各种反应之间的相互作用。本文是关于信号转导途径最新发现的总结，它整合了现有信息，以便更好地勾勒整个研究问题，为未来的研究挑战以及谷类作物耐逆品种的创新育种提供参考。
