Dasdelen Muhammed Furkan, Er Sezgin, Kaplan Berkan, Celik Suleyman, Beker Mustafa Caglar, Orhan Cemal, Tuzcu Mehmet, Sahin Nurhan, Mamedova Havakhanum, Sylla Sarah, Komorowski James, Ojalvo Sara Perez, Sahin Kazim, Kilic Ertugrul
International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Front Nutr. 2022 Apr 5;9:874254. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.874254. eCollection 2022.
L-Theanine is commonly used to improve sleep quality through inhibitory neurotransmitters. On the other hand, Mg, a natural NMDA antagonist and GABA agonist, has a critical role in sleep regulation. Using the caffeine-induced brain electrical activity model, here we investigated the potency of L-theanine and two novel Mg-L-theanine compounds with different magnesium concentrations on electrocorticography (ECoG) patterns, GABAergic and serotonergic receptor expressions, dopamine, serotonin, and melatonin levels. Furthermore, we evaluated the sleep latency and duration in the pentobarbital induced sleep model. We herein showed that L-theanine, particularly its various complexes with magnesium increases the expression of GABAergic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic receptors, which were associated with decreased ECoG frequency, increased amplitude, and enhanced delta wave powers. Besides increased dopamine, serotonin, and melatonin; decreased MDA and increased antioxidant enzyme levels were also observed particularly with Mg-complexes. Protein expression analyses also showed that Mg-L-theanine complexes decrease inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels significantly. In accordance with these results, Mg complexes improved the sleep latency and duration even after caffeine administration. As a result, our data indicate that Mg-L-theanine compounds potentiate the effect of L-theanine on sleep by boosting slow-brain waves, regulating brain electrical activity, and increasing neurotransmitter and GABA receptor levels.
L-茶氨酸通常通过抑制性神经递质来改善睡眠质量。另一方面，镁作为一种天然的N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）拮抗剂和γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）激动剂，在睡眠调节中起关键作用。利用咖啡因诱导的脑电活动模型，我们在此研究了L-茶氨酸以及两种不同镁浓度的新型镁-L-茶氨酸化合物对脑电图（ECoG）模式、GABA能和5-羟色胺能受体表达、多巴胺、5-羟色胺和褪黑素水平的影响。此外，我们在戊巴比妥诱导的睡眠模型中评估了睡眠潜伏期和睡眠时间。我们在此表明，L-茶氨酸，尤其是其与镁的各种复合物，增加了GABA能、5-羟色胺能和谷氨酸能受体的表达，这与ECoG频率降低、振幅增加和δ波功率增强有关。除了多巴胺、5-羟色胺和褪黑素增加外；尤其在镁复合物中还观察到丙二醛（MDA）降低和抗氧化酶水平升高。蛋白质表达分析还表明，镁-L-茶氨酸复合物显著降低诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）和内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）水平。根据这些结果，即使在给予咖啡因后，镁复合物也改善了睡眠潜伏期和睡眠时间。因此，我们的数据表明，镁-L-茶氨酸化合物通过增强慢脑电波、调节脑电活动以及增加神经递质和GABA受体水平来增强L-茶氨酸对睡眠的作用。
