Rabail Roshina, Ahmed Waqar, Ilyas Madiha, Rajoka Muhammad Shahid Riaz, Hassoun Abdo, Khalid Abdur Rauf, Khan Moazzam Rafiq, Aadil Rana Muhammad
National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Government College Women University, Madina Town, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Mar 22;10(4):488. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10040488.
COVID-19 remains a deadly disease that poses a serious threat to humanity. COVID-19 vaccines protect the public and limit viral spread. However, public acceptance is significantly dependent on the efficacy and side effects (SEs) of the vaccinations being produced. Four important mechanisms have been examined for COVID-19 vaccines: DNA-based, mRNA-based, protein-based, and inactivated viruses. Vaccination safety research was formerly limited to manufacturer-sponsored studies, but numerous additional cross-sectional survey-based studies conducted globally have contributed to the generation of vaccine-related safety data reports. Twenty-seven studies and twenty-four case reports published-up till 2021 were overviewed for the presentation of SEs and their severity. Injection site pain remained the most dominant localized SE, while headache and fatigue were the most prevalent systemic SEs. Most studies reported that all vaccinations were safe, with very little or no adverse effects, but the nature of SEs was reported to be more persistent in DNA- and mRNA-based vaccines, while inactivated viral vaccines were associated with longer-duration SEs. Overall, SEs were found to be more dominant in women and youngsters. Case reports of adverse reactions have also been documented, but there is still a need to find out their pathological linkage with the COVID-19 vaccination.
新冠病毒病仍然是一种致命疾病，对人类构成严重威胁。新冠病毒疫苗可保护公众并限制病毒传播。然而，公众的接受程度在很大程度上取决于所生产疫苗的效力和副作用。针对新冠病毒疫苗研究了四种重要机制：基于DNA的、基于信使核糖核酸的、基于蛋白质的和灭活病毒。疫苗安全性研究以前仅限于制造商赞助的研究，但全球开展的大量其他基于横断面调查的研究为生成疫苗相关安全数据报告做出了贡献。截至2021年发表的27项研究和24例病例报告被综述，以呈现副作用及其严重程度。注射部位疼痛仍然是最主要的局部副作用，而头痛和疲劳是最常见的全身副作用。大多数研究报告称，所有疫苗都是安全的，副作用很少或没有，但据报道，基于DNA和信使核糖核酸的疫苗副作用持续时间更长，而灭活病毒疫苗的副作用持续时间更长。总体而言，副作用在女性和年轻人中更为常见。不良反应的病例报告也有记录，但仍有必要找出它们与新冠病毒疫苗接种的病理联系。
