National Engineering Research Center for Geoinformatics, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 17;19(8):4876. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19084876.
Since the emergence of COVID-19, there have been many local outbreaks with foci at shopping malls in China. We compared and analyzed the epidemiological and spatiotemporal characteristics of local COVID-19 outbreaks in two commercial locations, a department store building (DSB) in Baodi District, Tianjin, and the Xinfadi wholesale market (XFD) in Fengtai District, Beijing. The spread of the infection at different times was analyzed by the standard deviation elliptical method. The spatial transfer mode demonstrated that outbreaks started at the center of each commercial location and spread to the periphery. The number of cases and the distance from the central outbreak showed an inverse proportional logarithmic function shape. Most cases were distributed within a 10 km radius; infected individuals who lived far from the outbreak center were mainly infected by close-contact transmission at home or in the workplace. There was no efficient and rapid detection method at the time of the DSB outbreak; the main preventative measure was the timing of COVID-19 precautions. Emergency interventions (closing shopping malls and home isolation) were initiated five days before confirmation of the first case from the shopping center. In contrast, XFD closed after the first confirmed cases appeared, but those infected during this outbreak benefitted from efficient nucleic acid testing. Quick results and isolation of infected individuals were the main methods of epidemic control in this area. The difference in the COVID-19 epidemic patterns between the two shopping malls reflects the progress of Chinese technology in the prevention and control of COVID-19.
自 COVID-19 出现以来，中国出现了许多以购物中心为焦点的局部疫情。我们对比分析了天津市宝坻区百货大楼（DSB）和北京市丰台区新发地批发市场（XFD）两个商业场所局部 COVID-19 疫情的流行病学和时空特征。采用标准差椭圆法分析不同时间的感染传播情况。空间转移模式表明，疫情从每个商业场所的中心开始，向周边扩散。病例数量与中心疫情的距离呈反比对数函数形状。大多数病例分布在 10 公里半径内；居住在疫情中心较远的感染者主要通过家庭或工作场所的密切接触传播感染。DSB 疫情爆发时，没有有效的快速检测方法；主要预防措施是 COVID-19 预防措施的时间。在从购物中心确认首例病例前五天，就开始采取紧急干预措施（关闭购物中心和居家隔离）。相比之下，XFD 在首例确诊病例出现后才关闭，但在这次疫情中感染的人受益于高效的核酸检测。快速结果和隔离感染者是该地区疫情控制的主要方法。这两个购物中心的 COVID-19 疫情模式的差异反映了中国在 COVID-19 防控方面技术的进步。
