Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Museum of Southwestern Biology, Biology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Viruses. 2022 Mar 25;14(4):682. doi: 10.3390/v14040682.
Orthohantaviruses are negative-stranded RNA viruses with trisegmented genomes that can cause severe disease in humans and are carried by several host reservoirs throughout the world. Old World orthohantaviruses are primarily located throughout Europe and Asia, causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, and New World orthohantaviruses are found in North, Central, and South America, causing hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). In the United States, Sin Nombre orthohantavirus (SNV) is the primary cause of HCPS with a fatality rate of ~36%. The primary SNV host reservoir is thought to be the North American deer mouse, . However, it has been shown that other species of can carry different orthohantaviruses. Few studies have systemically surveyed which orthohantaviruses may exist in wild-caught rodents or monitored spillover events into additional rodent reservoirs. A method for the rapid detection of orthohantaviruses is needed to screen large collections of rodent samples. Here, we report a pan-orthohantavirus, two-step reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) tool designed to detect both Old and New World pathogenic orthohantavirus sequences of the S segment of the genome and validated them using plasmids and authentic viruses. We then performed a screening of wild-caught rodents and identified orthohantaviruses in lung tissue, and we confirmed the findings by Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, we identified new rodent reservoirs that have not been previously reported as orthohantavirus carriers. This novel tool can be used for the efficient and rapid detection of various orthohantaviruses, while uncovering potential new orthohantaviruses and host reservoirs that may otherwise go undetected.
正呼肠孤病毒是具有三段基因组的负链 RNA 病毒，可导致人类严重疾病，并且在全球范围内由多种宿主库携带。旧世界正呼肠孤病毒主要分布在欧洲和亚洲，引起肾综合征出血热，而新世界正呼肠孤病毒则分布在北美、中美和南美，引起汉坦病毒心肺综合征（HCPS）。在美国，辛诺波（Sin Nombre）正呼肠孤病毒（SNV）是 HCPS 的主要病原体，死亡率约为 36%。SNV 的主要宿主库被认为是北美的鹿鼠，但已表明其他种类的 也可携带不同的正呼肠孤病毒。很少有研究系统地调查了哪些正呼肠孤病毒可能存在于野生捕获的啮齿动物中，或监测溢出事件进入其他啮齿动物库。因此，需要一种快速检测正呼肠孤病毒的方法来筛选大量的啮齿动物样本。在这里，我们报告了一种泛正呼肠孤病毒，两步反转录定量实时 PCR（RT-qPCR）工具，旨在检测基因组 S 片段的旧世界和新世界致病性正呼肠孤病毒序列，并使用质粒和真实病毒对其进行了验证。然后，我们对野生捕获的啮齿动物进行了筛选，并在肺部组织中发现了正呼肠孤病毒，我们通过 Sanger 测序证实了这一发现。此外，我们还确定了以前未被报道为正呼肠孤病毒携带者的新的啮齿动物库。这种新工具可用于有效和快速检测各种正呼肠孤病毒，同时揭示可能未被发现的潜在新正呼肠孤病毒和宿主库。
