Mishra Rupesh Kumar, Krishnakumar Akshay, Zareei Amin, Heredia-Rivera Ulisses, Rahimi Rahim
School of Material Science and Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
Mikrochim Acta. 2022 Apr 25;189(5):198. doi: 10.1007/s00604-022-05299-1.
The growing pervasiveness of opioid-based drugs such as fentanyl and its analogs represent a foremost hazard to the civilian population and burden on the first responders and clinicians. Thus, to enable a rapid and low-cost surveillance system to detect fentanyl in a non-ideal environment, we demonstrate the use of laser-induced nano-porous carbon structures directly onto commercially available polyimide sheets for rapid and cost-effective manufacturing of electrochemical sensors for fentanyl detection. The porous carbon surface instigated by various laser energy densities was analyzed towards morphological, vibrational, and fentanyl sensing properties. The results showed that laser carbonized electrode (LCE) prepared with 31 J/cm laser energy densities showed the highest level of porosity, surface roughness, and thereby enhanced sensitivity towards fentanyl detection by square-wave voltammetry (SWV) with a 1 µM limit of detection. This new disposable sensor strip offers an information-rich electrochemical fingerprint of fentanyl oxidation at + 0.526 V (vs Ag/AgCl) on the surface of laser carbonized electrodes with high linear (R = 0.99) sensitivity (0.025 µA⋅µM⋅cm) and reproducibility (RSD = 5%), within the clinically relevant working range of 20-200 µM with similar performance in both PBS and serum samples. The laser carbonized electrode surface was further found to be selective towards fentanyl concentrations in the presence of various cutting agents. This technology could provide a new route towards scalable manufacturing of cost-effective sensors for rapid detection of opioid misuse and potentially save the lives from systemic side effects.
芬太尼及其类似物等阿片类药物的日益普及，对平民构成了首要危害，也给急救人员和临床医生带来了负担。因此，为了建立一个能够在非理想环境中快速、低成本检测芬太尼的监测系统，我们展示了直接在市售聚酰亚胺片材上使用激光诱导纳米多孔碳结构，用于快速、经济高效地制造用于芬太尼检测的电化学传感器。分析了由各种激光能量密度激发的多孔碳表面的形态、振动和芬太尼传感特性。结果表明，用31 J/cm激光能量密度制备的激光碳化电极（LCE）显示出最高水平的孔隙率、表面粗糙度，从而通过方波伏安法（SWV）提高了对芬太尼检测的灵敏度，检测限为1 µM。这种新型一次性传感器条在激光碳化电极表面提供了丰富的电化学指纹信息，显示芬太尼在+0.526 V（相对于Ag/AgCl）处氧化，具有高线性（R = 0.99）灵敏度（0.025 µA⋅µM⋅cm）和重现性（RSD = 5%），在20 - 200 µM的临床相关工作范围内，在PBS和血清样品中具有相似的性能。还发现激光碳化电极表面在存在各种切割剂的情况下对芬太尼浓度具有选择性。该技术可为大规模制造经济高效的传感器提供新途径，用于快速检测阿片类药物滥用，并有可能挽救因全身副作用而危及的生命。
