The August Krogh Section for Human Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building 2nd floor, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Sports Med. 2022 Dec;52(12):2813-2819. doi: 10.1007/s40279-022-01679-y. Epub 2022 Apr 26.
There is an increasing interest in female athletic performance-especially concerning the impact of the female menstrual cycle on training response. Indeed, fluctuations in female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone, during the menstrual cycle regulate protein metabolism and recovery processes in skeletal muscle and may thus impact exercise training-related outcomes. Studies demonstrate that anaerobic capacity and muscle strength are greatest during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, when estrogen levels peak. In addition, studies indicate that resistance training conducted in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (follicular phase-based resistance training) may be superior to luteal phase-based training in terms of enhancing muscle strength and mass. This raises the possibility that the physiological capabilities of skeletal muscle to adapt to exercise training are dependent on the menstrual cycle and can be important for female athletes in optimizing their training. In this paper, we critically review the current state of the art concerning the impact of menstrual cycle phase-based resistance training and highlight why follicular phase-based resistance training possibly is superior to luteal phase-based training in enhancing resistance training outcomes. Finally, we identify directions for further research.
人们对女性运动员的表现越来越感兴趣——尤其是女性的生理周期对训练反应的影响。事实上，女性性激素（雌激素和孕激素）在生理周期中的波动会调节骨骼肌中的蛋白质代谢和恢复过程，从而可能影响与运动训练相关的结果。研究表明，在生理周期的卵泡期（雌激素水平达到峰值时），女性的无氧能力和肌肉力量最大。此外，研究表明，在生理周期的卵泡期进行的抗阻训练（基于卵泡期的抗阻训练）在增强肌肉力量和质量方面可能优于黄体期的训练。这就提出了一种可能性，即骨骼肌适应运动训练的生理能力取决于生理周期，对于女性运动员来说，优化训练非常重要。本文批判性地回顾了当前关于基于生理周期的抗阻训练影响的研究现状，并强调了为什么基于卵泡期的抗阻训练可能优于黄体期的训练，从而增强抗阻训练的效果。最后，我们确定了进一步研究的方向。
