Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2022 Apr 28;22(1):856. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13242-5.
The conclusions on how tax and price increases affect smoking behaviors are mixed. This work is devoted to re-evaluating the relationship between cigarette prices and taxes and smoking behaviors.
Using 2000-2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, we employed linear mixed-effect models to re-examine the impact of cigarette prices and taxes on smoking prevalence and the proportion of current smokers having tried to quit smoking in the past 12 months. All the analyses were conducted for the general population, then by age group, gender, race/ethnicity, and income level.
The results indicate that higher cigarette prices and taxes were associated with a decrease in smoking prevalence and an increased likelihood of quitting smoking. Cigarette tax and price increases produced the most powerful impact on the smoking prevalence of 18- to 24-year-olds. The estimates also show that males tended to be more price-sensitive than females. Raising cigarette prices and taxes was estimated to be more effective in reducing the smoking prevalence among non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics when compared to non-Hispanic whites. Cigarette price and tax changes were likely to have a smaller effect on individuals with annual income under $25,000 relative to individuals with higher income levels.
Increases in cigarette prices and taxes are significantly associated with a reduction in smoking prevalence and an increased likelihood of quitting smoking among adults across different demographic and socioeconomic groups. However, as cigarette price and tax changes disproportionately affect low-income individuals, raising cigarette prices and taxes may deepen income disparities.
关于税收和价格上涨如何影响吸烟行为的结论不一。本研究致力于重新评估卷烟价格和税收与吸烟行为之间的关系。
利用 2000-2019 年行为风险因素监测系统数据，我们采用线性混合效应模型重新检验了卷烟价格和税收对吸烟率以及过去 12 个月内尝试戒烟的当前吸烟者比例的影响。所有分析均针对一般人群进行，然后按年龄组、性别、种族/族裔和收入水平进行分析。
结果表明，卷烟价格和税收越高，吸烟率越低，戒烟的可能性越大。卷烟税和价格的上涨对 18-24 岁人群的吸烟率影响最大。研究结果还表明，男性比女性对价格更敏感。与非西班牙裔白种人相比，提高卷烟价格和税收估计可以更有效地降低非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔人群的吸烟率。与收入较高的人群相比，卷烟价格和税收的变化对年收入低于 25000 美元的个体的影响可能较小。
在不同的人口统计学和社会经济群体中，卷烟价格和税收的增加与吸烟率的降低和成年人戒烟可能性的增加显著相关。然而，由于卷烟价格和税收的变化对低收入者的影响不成比例，提高卷烟价格和税收可能会加深收入差距。
