Badawi Ahmad K, Abd Elkodous M, Ali Gomaa A M
Civil Engineering Department, El-Madina Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology Giza 12588 Egypt
Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 Japan.
RSC Adv. 2021 Nov 11;11(58):36528-36553. doi: 10.1039/d1ra06892j. eCollection 2021 Nov 10.
Excessive levels of dyes and heavy metals in water sources have long been a source of concern, posing significant environmental and public health threats. However, adsorption is a feasible technique for removing dye contaminants and heavy metals from water due to its high efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and easy operation. Numerous researchers in batch studies extensively evaluated various adsorbents such as natural materials, and agriculture-derived and industrial wastes; however, large-scale application is still missing. Nanotechnology is a novel approach that has arisen as one of the most versatile and cost-effective ways for dye and heavy metal removal. Its promotion on large-scale applications to investigate technological, fiscal, and environmental aspects for wastewater decontamination is particularly important. This review critically reviews wastewater treatment techniques, emphasizing the adsorption process and highlighting the most effective parameters: solution pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorbent particle size, initial concentration, contact time, and temperature. In addition, a comprehensive, up-to-date list of potentially effective low-cost adsorbents and nano-sorbents for the removal of dyes and heavy metals has been compiled. Finally, the challenges towards the practical application of the adsorption process based on various adsorbents have been drawn from the literature reviewed, and our suggested future perspectives are proposed.
长期以来，水源中过量的染料和重金属一直令人担忧，对环境和公众健康构成重大威胁。然而，吸附法因其高效、经济且操作简便，是一种从水中去除染料污染物和重金属的可行技术。众多研究人员在批量研究中广泛评估了各种吸附剂，如天然材料、农业废弃物和工业废料；然而，大规模应用仍然缺乏。纳米技术是一种新兴方法，已成为去除染料和重金属最通用且最具成本效益的方法之一。推动其大规模应用以研究废水净化的技术、财政和环境方面尤为重要。本综述对废水处理技术进行了批判性回顾，重点强调了吸附过程，并突出了最有效的参数：溶液pH值、吸附剂用量、吸附剂粒径、初始浓度、接触时间和温度。此外，还编制了一份全面、最新的潜在有效低成本吸附剂和纳米吸附剂清单，用于去除染料和重金属。最后，从所审查的文献中总结了基于各种吸附剂的吸附过程实际应用面临的挑战，并提出了我们建议的未来展望。
